Abstract
Background A serum uric acid (UA) level of 7.0 mg/dL has been used as the criterion for hyperuricemia in Japan regardless of gender, despite higher serum UA levels in men than in women. Serum UA has been identified as a predictive biomarker for metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, the gender differences in the association between UA levels and MetS-related conditions in a Japanese population have not been completely assessed. Objective To examine gender and age differences in the associations between serum UA levels and other biomarkers within a health-screened Japanese population and to evaluate the usefulness of serum UA as a predictor of MetS between the two genders. Methods A cross-sectional study of healthy individuals in Japan (16,391 men; 16,656 women) was conducted. Associations between UA and several biomarkers were analyzed for each gender type and for age- and serum UA level-stratified groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of age and serum UA levels with MetS-related conditions. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to identify the UA cut-off value for predicting the risk of the MetS-related conditions. Results Serum UA levels in women had stronger correlations with MetS-related biomarkers than in men. After adjusting for age, the odds ratios for a 1-mg/dL serum UA increase for diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia in women were 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.04 - 1.23) and 1.30 (1.25 - 1.34), respectively. In ROC analysis, women had significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) values for MetS prediction than men. Conclusion An elevated serum UA level has a higher predictive ability for the risk of MetS-related conditions in Japanese women than in men. The optimal serum UA cut-off value for MetS in women was suggested to be approximately 5 mg/dL, remarkably lower than that in men.
Highlights
Elevated levels of uric acid (UA) in the circulation, or hyperuricemia, have been shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease
From the health screening program dataset, the data of all individuals were used without exclusion criteria, which consisted of 16,391 men and 16,656 women
As we expected from the results shown above, in women, the serum UA level showed good predictive ability for DM in the young group (OR = 1.75), but this ability was less clear for the middle-aged
Summary
Elevated levels of uric acid (UA) in the circulation, or hyperuricemia, have been shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and MetS-related diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and coronary artery disease. Few studies have compared serum UA levels suitable for risk prediction of MetS-related diseases in men and women. It is unclear how the UA-MetS relationship is influenced by age and menopause in females who participate in health screenings in Japan. A serum uric acid (UA) level of 7.0 mg/dL has been used as the criterion for hyperuricemia in Japan regardless of gender, despite higher serum UA levels in men than in women. Serum UA has been identified as a predictive biomarker for metabolic syndrome (MetS); the gender differences in the association between UA levels and MetS-related conditions in a Japanese population have not been completely assessed
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