Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary high-grade bone tumor in both adolescents and children. Early tumor detection is key to ensuring effective treatment. Serum marker discovery and validation for pediatric osteosarcoma has accelerated in recent years, coincident with an evolving understanding of molecules and their complex interactions, and the compelling need for improved pediatric osteosarcoma outcome measures in clinical trials. This review gives a short overview of serological markers for pediatric osteosarcoma, and highlights advances in pediatric osteosarcoma-related marker research within the past year. Studies in the past year involving serum markers in patients with pediatric osteosarcoma can be assigned to one of four categories, i.e., new approaches and new markers, exploratory studies in specialized disease subsets, large cross-sectional validation studies, and longitudinal studies, with and without an intervention.Most of the studies have examined the association of a serum marker with some aspect of the natural history of pediatric osteosarcoma. As illustrated by the many studies reviewed, several serum markers are emerging that show a credible association with disease modification. The expanding pool of informative osteosarcoma-related markers is expected to impact development of therapeutics for pediatric osteosarcoma positively and, it is hoped, ultimately clinical care. Combinations of serum markers of natural immunity, thyroid hormone homeostasis, and bone tumorigenesis may be undertaken together in patients with pediatric osteosarcoma. These serum markers in combination may do better. The potential effect of an intrinsic dynamic balance of tumor angiogenesis residing within a single hormone (tri-iodothyronine) is an attractive concept for regulation of vascularization in pediatric osteosarcoma.
Highlights
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor [1]
Today’s leading researchers, pharmacy and biotechnology decision-makers, technology companies, and clinicians are focusing on the use of serum tumor markers in the field of pediatric osteosarcoma research
The search for serum tumor markers for early detection and diagnosis of pediatric osteosarcoma has been a daunting task which has been met with little success
Summary
Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent malignant bone tumor [1]. Accounting for 30%-80% of the primary skeletal sarcomas, it is the most common of all bone malignancies [2]. Serum tumor marker discovery offers hope of new pediatric osteosarcoma test A wide variety of serological markers have been associated with pediatric osteosarcoma (Table 1) These may be broadly divided into several groups. This research group has addressed the relationship between serum levels of IGF-1, its binding protein (IGFBP-3), and the clinical behavior and outcome of osteosarcoma in children. Monoclonal antibody of circulating tumor-associated antigen ki A prognostication method in children’s osteosarcoma using ki monoclonal antibodies is known Using these antibodies, Petrosyan et al [37] found that the mean binding index in bone sarcomas is 9.7% and markedly exceeds the same parameter in benign bone neoplasms. TNF-b and soluble TNF receptor Kotz et al [38] determined serum levels of tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-b) and soluble TNF receptor in pediatric patients with highly malignant primary bone tumors. IL-2, IL-4, IL- Analysis of cytokine concentration showed large statistically significant 8, IFN-g, TNF- differences between POS and control group for IL-4 and IL-8 a Markers for individual reaction of organism to the development of POS
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