Serum sCD163 levels are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and are influenced by coffee and wine consumption: results of the Di@bet.es study.

Gemma Rojo-Martínez,Natalia Colomo,Elsa Maymó-Masip,Pilar Hernández,Federico Soriguer,Esther Solano,M Mar Rodríguez,Albert Goday,Joan Vendrell,Sergio Valdés,Elías Delgado,Felipe Javier Chaves,Matilde R Chacón

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101250

Abstract

ObjectiveSerum levels of soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and its scavenger receptor CD163 (sCD163) have been linked to insulin resistance. We analysed the usefulness of these cytokines as biomarkers of type 2 diabetes in a Spanish cohort, together with their relationship to food consumption in the setting of the Di@bet.es study.Research Design and MethodsThis is a cross-sectional, matched case-control study of 514 type 2 diabetes subjects and 517 controls with a Normal Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (NOGTT), using data from the Di@bet.es study. Study variables included clinical and demographic structured survey, food frequency questionnaire and physical examination. Serum concentrations of sTWEAK and sCD163 were measured by ELISA. Linear regression analysis determined which variables were related to sTWEAK and sCD163 levels. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odd ratios of presenting type 2 diabetes.ResultssCD163 concentrations and sCD163/sTWEAK ratio were 11.0% and 15.0% higher, respectively, (P<0.001) in type 2 diabetes than in controls. Following adjustment for various confounders, the OR for presenting type 2 diabetes in subjects in the highest vs the lowest tertile of sCD163 was [(OR), 2,01 (95%CI, 1,46–2,97); P for trend <0.001]. Coffee and red wine consumption was negatively associated with serum levels of sCD163 (P = 0.0001 and; P = 0.002 for coffee and red wine intake, respectively).ConclusionsHigh circulating levels of sCD163 are associated with type 2 diabetes in the Spanish population. The association between coffee and red wine intake and these biomarkers deserves further study to confirm its potential role in type 2 diabetes.

Highlights

Common diabetes risk factors offer limited ability to identify subjects at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus
High circulating levels of scavenger receptor CD163 (sCD163) are associated with type 2 diabetes in the Spanish population
Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were treated with anti-diabetic drugs and/or insulin in 61.6% of cases and lipid-lowering drugs were taken by 35.2% of diabetes patients and 23.8% of Normal Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (NOGTT) subjects

Summary

Introduction

Common diabetes risk factors offer limited ability to identify subjects at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tumor necrosis factor weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a cytokine member of the TNF- family, has emerged as a Janusfaced molecule, functioning as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune diseases [4] [5], but with anti-inflammatory behavior in many high cardiovascular (CV) risk morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes [3] [6]. In a prospective follow-up study of a high CV risk cohort, we found that sTWEAK appears to have predictive value as a marker in the development of type 2 diabetes, highlighting a possible pathogenic role of sTWEAK in this disease [13] [14]

Results

Discussion

Conclusion