Abstract
The objective of our study was to determine the effects of clinoptilolite supplemented in colostrum on the blood serum protein electrophoretic pattern of new-born calves. Methods: Romanian Black and White new-born calves involved in the study were divided into 3 groups: the control group (C) that received colostrum without clinoptilolite, and experimental groups I (E1) and II (E2) that received colostrum supplemented with 0.5% and 2% clinoptilolite, respectively. The concentration of total protein and protein fractions (albumin, α1-globulin, α2-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin) were analyzed by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Results: At hour 30 after birth, concentrations of γ-globulins, β-globulin and total protein in E1 group of calves were higher than in control group by 42.11% (p < 0.05), 28.48% (p > 0.05) and 18.52% (p > 0.05), respectively, and were higher, but not significantly, in group E2 compared to the control group. This was in accordance with a significant lower albumin/globulin ratio in groups E1 and E2 (29.35%, p < 0.05 and 35.87%, p < 0.05, respectively) than in control group at 30 h postpartum, which indicates an obvious increase of the globulins fraction in experimental groups. The conclusion: Clinoptilolite was effective in improving passive transfer in new-born calves, but it was more effective if added in colostrum with a dose of 0.5% than with a dose of 2%.
Highlights
Gut immunoglobulins absorption is time limited, since the permeability of enterocytes is highest at birth, and is reduced by 50% during the 6 h, due to intestinal cells maturation in newborns, i.e., mature cells population does not alow macromolecules transfer and their lysozyme activity increases progressively leading to enzymatic digestion of immunoglobulins [1,2].Factors that affect the level of colostrum immunoglobulins absorbtion are time of the first colostrum feeding after birth, quality and quantity of colostrum, pattern of taking the colostrum, bacterial contamination of colostrum, dam’s lactation number, breed, season of calving, dam’s dry period length, maternity microclimate and immunity status of dam
The time and group influence on α1 and α2-globulin fractions was not recorded at 30 h postpartum, except for the α1 globulin fraction in E2 that decreased at 30 h as compared to 6 h (p < 0.02). β-globulin fractions showed significant increases in all groups (E1, E2, C) in comparison with birth time (p < 0.05), but there were no statistical differences in concentration of this fraction between groups 30 h postpartum (p > 0.05). γ-globulins percentage was significantly higher in E1 compared to the control group at 30 h of life (p < 0.05), but not in the E2 group (p > 0.05)
Serum total protein concentration is an indicator of the successful transfer of passive immunity in calves, because there is a positive relationship between such a parameter and immunoglobulins
Summary
Gut immunoglobulins absorption is time limited, since the permeability of enterocytes is highest at birth, and is reduced by 50% during the 6 h, due to intestinal cells maturation in newborns, i.e., mature cells population does not alow macromolecules transfer and their lysozyme activity increases progressively leading to enzymatic digestion of immunoglobulins [1,2].Factors that affect the level of colostrum immunoglobulins absorbtion are time of the first colostrum feeding after birth, quality and quantity of colostrum, pattern of taking the colostrum, bacterial contamination of colostrum, dam’s lactation number, breed, season of calving, dam’s dry period length, maternity microclimate and immunity status of dam. Gut immunoglobulins absorption is time limited, since the permeability of enterocytes is highest at birth, and is reduced by 50% during the 6 h, due to intestinal cells maturation in newborns, i.e., mature cells population does not alow macromolecules transfer and their lysozyme activity increases progressively leading to enzymatic digestion of immunoglobulins [1,2]. Supplementation of colostrum with clinoptilolite, a natural zeolite, is a natural method to improve immunoglobulin absorption in newborn calves [7,8,9,10]. Zeolites are crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate of alkali and alkaline earth cations having three dimensional structure [11]. Due to their unique properties (cation exchange, adsorption or acting as molecular sieves, catalytic, dehydration/rehydration and biological reactivity), zeolites are used in a wide range of biological processes in human and veterinary fields where they have antiviral effects [12], antitumoral effects [13,14] and antioxidant effects [15]
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