Serum protease-activated receptor (PAR-1) levels as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of inflammation in type 2 diabetic patients.

Abstract

Inflammation is a prominent clinical manifestation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, often associated with insulin resistance, metabolic dysregulation, and other complications. The present study has been designed to check the serum levels of PAR-1 and correlate with various clinical manifestations and inflammatory cytokines levels in type 2 diabetic subjects. The study population was divided into two groups, healthy volunteers (n = 15): normal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (4.26 ± 0.55) and type 2 diabetic subjects (n = 30): HbA1c levels (7.80 ± 2.41). The serum levels of PAR-1 (ELISA method) were studied in both groups and correlated with demographic parameters age, weight, body mass index (BMI), and conventional inflammation biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The demographic variables including the body weight (77.38 ± 10.00 vs. controls 55.26 ± 6.99), BMI (29.39 ± 3.61 vs. controls 25.25 ± 4.01), glycemic index HbA1c (7.80 ± 2.41 vs. controls 4.26 ± 0.55) were found to be statistically increased in T2DM subjects than the healthy control group. The levels of various inflammatory biomarkers and PAR-1 were significantly elevated in T2DM groups in comparison to healthy volunteers. The univariate and multivariate regression analysis revealed that elevated PAR-1 levels positively correlated with increased body weight, BMI, HbA1c, and inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate that the elevated serum PAR-1 levels serve as an independent predictor of inflammation in T2DM subjects and might have prognostic value for determining T2DM progression.