Abstract
Mechanisms linking obesity and prostate cancer (PC) include increased insulin signaling, persistent inflammation, and altered adipocytokines secretion. Previous studies indicated that omentin may play a potential role in cancerogenesis of different sites, including the prostate. In this study, we focused on the hormonal and metabolic characteristics of men recruited for prostate biopsy. We evaluated serum concentrations of adipocytokines and sex steroids where concentrations are related to the adiposity: omentin, leptin, testosterone, estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of serum omentin in men with PC. We also investigated relationships between omentin, leptin, sex steroids, SHBG, age, and metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: Our study was conducted on 72 patients with PC and 65 men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Both groups were compared for body mass index. Results: Comparing men with PC to subjects with BPH there were significantly higher serum concentrations of omentin, estradiol, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the former. Estradiol/testosterone ratio, which is a marker of testosterone to estradiol conversion, was also significantly higher in the PC group. MS was diagnosed in 47 men with PC and in 30 men with BPH, the prevalence was significantly higher in the PC group. When the subjects with PC were subdivided into two subgroups, the serum omentin did not differ between those with MS and without MS. In the overall sample serum, omentin was positively associated with age, SHBG, and leptin. A positive correlation was also found between omentin and estradiol/testosterone ratio, and negatively with testosterone/SHBG ratio. Positive correlations were noted between age and SHBG, PSA and estradiol/testosterone ratio. In our study, a drop of total testosterone and testosterone/SHBG ratio, due to age, was also demonstrated. Conclusions: In patients with prostate cancer, serum omentin may be a diagnostic indicator. Omentin levels do not correlate with estradiol or testosterone concentrations but they are related to the testosterone/SHBG ratio. Omentin is not associated with an increased likelihood of having metabolic syndrome in men with prostate cancer.
Highlights
Epidemiological data indicate a progressive increase in the incidence of prostate cancer (PC) in all age groups
Group I consisted of 72 PC men, Group II consisted of 65 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) men
We evaluated the levels of omentin, leptin, sex steroids, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and metabolic parameters
Summary
Epidemiological data indicate a progressive increase in the incidence of prostate cancer (PC) in all age groups. PC develops from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, critical for the initiation of cancerogenesis and tumor progression are different mechanisms that take place in the periprostatic adipose tissue which surrounds and penetrates the prostatic gland, especially in obese men. It is considered that adipocytes surrounding the tumor may play a role as an energy source for growing the tumor and can become a source of lipids transferring into cancer cells. Accumulation of lipids in cancer cells is the characteristic feature of prostatic cancerogenesis [4]. Adipocytes and other cells of adipose tissue secrete adipokines and cytokines including leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin, omentin, and IL-6. It was found that PC cells alter adipocytokines secretion from periprostatic adipose tissue, interactions between adipocytes, stromal and cancer cells are mutual
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