Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS), a nutritional and metabolic disease that frequently occurs in laying hens, causes serious losses to the poultry industry. Nowadays, the traditional clinical diagnosis of FLHS still has its limitations. Therefore, searching for some metabolic biomarkers and elucidating the metabolic pathway in vivo are useful for the diagnosis and prevention of FLHS. In the present study, a model of FLHS in laying hens induced by feeding a high-energy, low-protein diet was established. Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) was used to analyze the metabolites in serum at days 40 and 80. The result showed that, in total, 40 differential metabolites closely related to the occurrence and development of FLHS were screened and identified, which were mainly associated with lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism pathway disorders. Further investigation of differential metabolites showed 10 potential biomarkers such as 3-hydroxybutyric acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and glutamate were possessed of high diagnostic values by analyzing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. In conclusion, this study showed that the metabolomic method based on GC-TOF-MS can be used in the clinical diagnosis of FLHS in laying hens and provide potential biomarkers for early risk evaluation of FLHS and further insights into FLHS development.
Highlights
Fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) is a hepatic manifestation of nutritional and metabolic disease, which is characterized by liver bleeding, fat accumulation, and sudden death caused by lipid metabolic disorders (Butler, 1976; Jensen et al, 1976; Gao et al, 2019)
The accumulation of lipid droplets and fat vacuoles in the liver sections of the laying hens in the disease group gradually increased, whereas the hepatocyte structure is clear and without fat vacuoles in the liver section of layers from the control group. These results were consistent with the results of previous studies (Rozenboim et al, 2016) and suggest that a high-energy, low-protein diet leads to the progressive increase in fat accumulation in hepatic tissue cells, which eventually causes FLHS
Serum metabolomics based on GC-TOF-Mass spectrometry (MS) method was applied to further investigate the pathophysiological metabolic mechanism of the high-energy, low-protein diet-induced FLHS at different time points (40 and 80 days)
Summary
Fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) is a hepatic manifestation of nutritional and metabolic disease, which is characterized by liver bleeding, fat accumulation, and sudden death caused by lipid metabolic disorders (Butler, 1976; Jensen et al, 1976; Gao et al, 2019). Metabolomic Study on FLHS (Squires and Leeson, 1988; Hansen and Walzem, 1993). The nutritional factor is regarded as an important cause of FLHS occurrence in production practice (Cherian et al, 2002). With the improvement in inbreeding technology and the application of cage feeding technology of commercial laying hens, FLHS has been widely observed in breeding production (Schumann et al, 2000; Trott et al, 2014). It is important to make an early diagnosis of FLHS in laying hens to improve clinical treatment outcomes and reduce mortality
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