Serum levels of fibroblast growth factor-2 distinguish Takayasu arteritis from giant cell arteritis independent of age at diagnosis

Shoichi Fukui,Tomohiro Koga,Ayako Kuwahara-Takaki,Kiyoshi Migita,Atsushi Kawakami,Hiroaki Niiro,Tomoki Origuchi,Nozomi Iwanaga,Hideki Nakamura,Nobuyuki Ono,Takahiro Maeda,Kunihiro Ichinose,Naoki Iwamoto,Mami Tamai,Shuntaro Sato,Yoshifumi Tada,Shin-Ya Kawashiri,Koichi Akashi,Yojiro Arinobu

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36825-y

Abstract

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are two major variants of large vessel vasculitis, and age is a major factor in their differential diagnosis. We sought to determine whether the two diseases exist on the same spectrum. We compared the serum levels of multiple cytokines and chemokines in 25 patients with TAK, 20 patients with GCA, and sex- and age-matched healthy donors for either condition (HD-TAK and HD-GCA). To evaluate the effects of age on the levels of cytokines and chemokines, we performed multiple logistic regression analysis using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method. The levels of IL-1RA, IL-10, GM-CSF, G-CSF, FGF-2, eotaxin, and IP-10 were significantly different between TAK and GCA, but no differences were found in the levels of IL-6, IL-12(p40), IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Significant differences in the levels of IL-1RA, IL-10, GM-CSF, eotaxin, and IP-10 were observed between the HD-TAK and HD-GCA groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only FGF-2 and IP-10 could significantly distinguish the diseases when added to age. Multiple logistic analysis using factors selected by the LASSO method revealed that FGF-2 was the only significant factor to distinguish the diseases when added to age. Among numerous cytokines and chemokines analyzed, only FGF-2 could be used together with age at diagnosis to differentiate TAK and GCA. Our results suggested the importance of considering the effects of age on serum cytokines.

Highlights

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are two major variants of large vessel vasculitis, and age is a major factor in their differential diagnosis
Our results showed the following in regard to cytokine/chemokine levels in patients with TAK and GCA and their relation to age
(2) fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and inducible protein (IP)-10 were the only factors to significantly distinguish the two diseases when added to the age at diagnosis by multiple logistic regression analysis of the age at diagnosis and each cytokines/chemokines

Summary

Introduction

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) and giant cell arteritis (GCA) are two major variants of large vessel vasculitis, and age is a major factor in their differential diagnosis. Multiple logistic analysis using factors selected by the LASSO method revealed that FGF-2 was the only significant factor to distinguish the diseases when added to age. Furuta et al demonstrated by a latent class analysis using clinical symptoms, laboratory data, and radiological findings that models both with and without age at disease onset were consistent with TAK and GCA8. This result suggested that the two diseases were distinctive even when excluding age at disease onset

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