Abstract
BackgroundDynamically changed levels of serum cytokines might predict the development of active TB from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and monitor preventive treatment effectiveness. The aim of the study was to identify potential serum cytokines associated with LTBI treatment which might predict active disease development in a Chinese population.MethodsBased on a randomized controlled trial aiming to explore short-course regimens for LTBI treatment, the dynamic changes of serum cytokines determined by bead-based multiplex assays were investigated for the participants who developed active TB during follow-up and age and gender matched controls stayed healthy.ResultsTotally, 21 patients diagnosed with active tuberculosis (TB) during the 2-year follow-up (12 from treated groups and 9 from untreated controls) and 42 age and gender matched healthy controls (24 from treated groups and 18 from untreated controls) were included in the study. Before treatment, serum IL-1ra was statistically higher among those who developed active disease during follow-up as compared with those stayed healthy. As for treated participants, the levels of IL-1ra were significantly lower after treatment in comparison with those before treatment both in active TB group (p = 0.002) and non-TB group (p = 0.009). For untreated participants, the levels of IL-1ra were not statistically different between different time points both in active TB group (p = 0.078) and non-TB group (p = 0.265).ConclusionOur results suggested that declined serum level of IL-1ra was associated with LTBI treatment. Further studies are needed to verify whether it could be used to evaluate LTBI treatment and to predict active disease development.
Highlights
Changed levels of serum cytokines might predict the development of active TB from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and monitor preventive treatment effectiveness
For both treated and untreated participants, no significant difference was found between active TB and non-TB groups with respect to gender, age, fasting blood glucose and QuantiFERON TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) results
12(p70), IL-12(p40) and IL-15) were below the lower detection level (LDL), they were not included for further data analysis
Summary
Changed levels of serum cytokines might predict the development of active TB from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and monitor preventive treatment effectiveness. The aim of the study was to identify potential serum cytokines associated with LTBI treatment which might predict active disease development in a Chinese population. It was estimated that 5–10% infections might develop active tuberculosis (TB) during their lifetime [2, 3]. Scaling up latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) testing and treatment among individuals at highrisk of developing active disease is a critical priority action for the END TB [4,5,6]. Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Interferon-γ Release Assays (IGRAs) both are immunological tests to identify infections, but they are poor at predicting the development of active disease [7, 8]. Accessible surrogate biomarkers could reflect the effectiveness of LTBI treatment are warranted in the era of prevention centered
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