Serum level and gene expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as a strong predictor for myocardial infarction in a sample of Iraqi population

Abstract

BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) also referred as a “heart attack” is the sudden death of myocardial tissue caused by ischemia and typically caused by thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery caused by the breakdown of a fragile plaque. Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that belongs to the small inducible cytokine family. It is essential for monocyte and T lymphocyte recruitment into tissues. The aim of this work to see if there was a relationship between the level of MCP-1 in the human peripheral circulation and the development of myocardial infarction. Subject and methodsWe studied 150 patients with MI (24 female and 126 male) were recruited from the Iraqi center for heart disease at (“Ghazi Al-Hariri hospital”) in Baghdad, Iraq between January 2019 and June 2019 with a mean age (58.81 ± 8.21). Another 150 healthy subjects with no history of MI (52 female and 98 male) were enrolled as controls with a mean age (56.67 ± 9.25). Anthropometric measurements, clinical laboratory measurement include serum lipid profile, a quantitative enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) include MCP-1 and oxLDL serum levels and the echocardiographic data were determined. The total RNA was extracted from leukocytes and the relative quantification of MCP-1 gene was assessed by using the reverse transcriptase quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) technique. ResultIn the current study, it was observed insignificant differences in anthropometric parameters except smoking status. The significant data (p < 0.05) was showed in ejection fraction, lipid profile and oxidize low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) between the two studied groups. Serum MCP-1 level increased significantly by 2 folds (310.8 ± 52.91 pg/ml) in MI patients when compared to control (180 ± 36.4 pg/ml). Significant low level of MCP-1 observed in patients with anterior MI (301.1 ± 40.2 pg/ml) compared with inferior MI (3.11 ± 49.6 pg/ml) or other sites (312.7 ± 51.3). Fold expression was statically differences and high unregulated of MCP-1 in MI patients (2-ΔΔCt = 2. 56 ± 0. 99).The diagnostic efficiency of serum MCP-1 and fold expression were demonstrated using a ROC curve study in MI patients versus control group at cutoff value 226.29 pg/ml with (specificity 99.2%; sensitivity 98.1%) and 1.79 with (specificity 85.7%; sensitivity 88.2%) respectively. Pearson's Correlation Coefficients study of MCP-1 serum level and fold expression revealed positive correlation with oxLDL (r = 0.4; 0.35) at p value <0.05 respectively. Also the positive correlation between serum level and fold expression of MCP-1 (r = 0.31) at the corresponding level p < 0.05 was observed. ConclusionFrom a clinical standpoint, MCP-1 concentration provided independent prognostic value and, was found to be one of the best indicators of clinical activity in MI patients. It is a new, independent measure of clinical myocardial infarction status that also accurately reflects the significant correlated with the sensitive cardiovascular risk biomarker.