Serum iodine concentration in pregnant women and its association with urinary iodine concentration and thyroid function.

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the association of serum iodine concentration (SIC) with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid function in pregnant women, as well as to provide the reference range of SIC of pregnant women in iodine-sufficiency area. Pregnant women were enrolled in the Department of Obstetrics, Tanggu Maternity Hospital, Tianjin from March 2016 to May 2017. Fasting venous blood and spot urine samples were collected. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), UIC and SIC were measured. One thousand and ninety-nine participants were included in this study. The median UIC was 156μg/L. The median SIC was 108μg/L, and the 95% reference interval for SIC was 65.6-164.7μg/L. SIC was positively correlated with UIC (r=0.12, P<0.001), FT3 (r=0.23, P<0.001), and FT4 (r=0.50, P<0.001) and was inversely correlated with TSH (r=-0.14, P<0.001). Pregnant women with a SIC<79.9μg/L had a higher risk of hypothyroxinemia compared to those with higher SIC (OR=2.44, 95% CI: 1.31-4.75). Those having SIC>138.5μg/L were more likely to have thyrotoxicosis than those with lower SIC values (OR=13.52, 95% CI: 4.21-43.36). Serum iodine level is associated with UIC and thyroid function in pregnant women. Low SIC was associated with increased risk for iodine deficiency and hypothyroxinemia, while high SIC was related to excess and thyrotoxicosis.