Serum heat shock protein 70 levels in relation to circulating cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and angiogenic factors in women with preeclampsia

Abstract

Background We have previously reported that serum levels of 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70, HSPA1A) are increased and reflect systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and hepatocellular injury in preeclampsia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether increased serum Hsp70 concentrations in women with preeclampsia are related to circulating levels of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules and angiogenic factors, the key players in the pathogenesis of the disease. Methods Sixty preeclamptic patients and 60 normotensive, healthy pregnant women were involved in this case-control study. Levels of Hsp70 (HSPA1A) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 in maternal sera were assessed by ELISA. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-18, interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon-gamma-inducible protein (IP)-10, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 were determined by multiplex suspension array. Serum total soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and biologically active placental growth factor (PlGF) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. For statistical analyses, the Mann–Whitney U-test, the Fisher exact and Pearson chi-square tests, the Spearman rank order correlation, multiple linear regression and logistic regression were applied. Results Serum levels of Hsp70 were significantly higher in preeclamptic patients than in healthy pregnant women. Additionally, most of the measured inflammatory variables differed significantly between the two study groups except for serum IL-1beta and TGF-beta1 levels and IL-18/IL-12p70 and IL-12p70/IL-12p40 ratios, indicating a bias toward a pro-inflammatory status in preeclampsia. Preeclamptic patients had significantly higher sFlt-1 levels and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and significantly lower PlGF concentrations as compared to healthy pregnant women. In the preeclamptic group, serum Hsp70 concentrations showed significant correlations with serum levels of IL-12p40 ( R = 0.59, p < 0.001), MCP-1 ( R = 0.43, p < 0.001), ICAM-1 ( R = 0.39, p = 0.0020) and VCAM-1 ( R = 0.46, p < 0.001). Furthermore, elevated serum Hsp70 level and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio had a synergistic (joint) effect in the risk of preeclampsia, as shown by the substantially higher odds ratios of their combination than of either alone. Conclusions Increased serum Hsp70 concentrations in women with preeclampsia were associated with pro-inflammatory changes in circulating cytokine profile, suggesting that circulating Hsp70 might contribute to the development of the excessive systemic inflammatory response characteristic of the maternal syndrome of the disease.