Abstract
Galanin (GAL) is a neuropeptide involved in the homeostasis of energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the serum levels of GAL during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in lean and obese young men. This cross-sectional study included 30 obese non-diabetic young men (median 22 years; mean BMI 37 kg/m2) and 30 healthy lean men (median 23 years; mean BMI 22 kg/m2). Serum GAL was determined during OGTT. The results of this study include that serum GAL levels showed a reduction during OGTT compared with basal levels in the lean subjects group. Conversely, serum GAL levels increased significantly during OGTT in obese subjects. Serum GAL levels were also higher in obese non-diabetic men compared with lean subjects during fasting and in every period of the OGTT (p < 0.001). Serum GAL levels were positively correlated with BMI, total fat, visceral fat, HOMA–IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides and Leptin. A multiple regression analysis revealed that serum insulin levels at 30, 60 and 120 minutes during the OGTT is the most predictive variable for serum GAL levels (p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum GAL levels are significantly higher in the obese group compared with lean subjects during an OGTT.
Highlights
Several reports in rodents have supported the role of GAL in energy and glucose homeostasis
Obese subjects have significantly higher serum insulin levels compared to lean subjects during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 0 min (7.93 ± 3.08 μUI/mL vs. 28.06 ± 12.77 μUI/mL ;p < 0.001); 30 min [74.10 (41.58–109.40) μUI/mL vs. 213.70 (128.70–262.20) μUI/mL; p < 0.001]; 60 minutes [50.50 (32.5–73.43) μUI/mL vs. 134.60 (95.25–184.40) μUI/mL; p < 0.001]; and 120 minutes [23.30 (12.88–35.92) μUI/mL vs. 74.30 (34.22–119.80) μUI/mL; p < 0.001] (Table 1, Supplementary Figure 1)
The present study demonstrates that serum GAL levels in obese non-diabetic subjects are significantly higher compared to healthy lean subjects at basal and at each of the post oral glucose load time points 30, 60, and 120 min
Summary
Several reports in rodents have supported the role of GAL in energy and glucose homeostasis. In cultured L and K cells from mice intestine it was observed that GAL and M617, a selective agonist of the receptor GALR1, inhibit the secretion of both glucose-dependent peptide (GIP) and the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)[8] In accordance with these pharmacological studies, transgenic mice with high levels of endogenous GAL develop obesity and alterations in lipid metabolism. We analyzed serum GAL levels in a group of healthy lean young men and obese non-diabetic young men during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to further explore the new emerging concept of GAL resistance in obese subjects. These GAL levels were correlated with anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters
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