Abstract
To compare serum levels of 17 cytokines and 5 adhesion molecules in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using biochip array technology. A total of 15 AML and 15 ALL patients were studied. Serum samples were taken prior to anticancer therapy and were analyzed by biochip based immunoassays on the Evidence Investigator analyzer. This approach allows simultaneous detection of multiple analytes from a single sample. T-tests were used for statistical analysis. Comparing cytokine and adhesion molecules levels in newly diagnosed AML and ALL patients, we found significant increase in AML in serum IL-4 (P < 0.0001), IL-2 (P < 0.01), IL-3 (P < 0.05), and significant decrease (P < 0.05) in serum VEGF and VCAM-1. Our results indicate that serum profile of cytokines and adhesion molecules differs in newly diagnosed AML and ALL patients. Further studies are needed to establish if these alterations could be used as a clinically relevant biomarker for acute leukemias.
Highlights
PATIENTS AND METHODSCytokines and adhesion molecules have been studied in many pathological states including cancer[1,2,3] and acute leukemias, both myeloid (AML) and lymphoblastic (ALL)
Multi-analytical evaluation using biochip array technology We evaluated serum levels of the following 17 cytokines and 5 adhesion molecules: interleukins (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL12p70, IL-13, IL-23), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), epidermal growth factor (EGF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), E-selectin, L-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1)
Comparing cytokine and adhesion molecules levels in newly diagnosed AML and ALL patients, we found significant increase in AML in serum IL-4 (4.71 ± 2.69 ng/L vs. 1.10 ± 1.08 ng/L; P < 0.0001), IL-2 (10.69 ± 8.55 ng/L vs. 4.03 ± 2.15 ng/L; P < 0.01), IL-3 (18.84 ± 21.63 ng/L vs. 7.34 ± 3.41 ng/L; P < 0.05), and significant decrease in serum VEGF (63.93 ± 67.85 ng/L vs. 139.33 ± 133.47 ng/L; P < 0.05), VCAM-1 (716.22 ± 364.38 mcg/L vs. 1078.54 ± 456.96 mcg/L; P < 0.05)
Summary
Cytokines and adhesion molecules have been studied in many pathological states including cancer[1,2,3] and acute leukemias, both myeloid (AML) and lymphoblastic (ALL) (ref.4-6) Alterations in this interacting functional network may have direct effect on the malignant cells or have indirect effect on leukemogenesis through altered functions of bone marrow stromal elements[7,8,9]. The aim of our pilot study was to evaluate serum profile of multiple cytokines and adhesion molecules in patients with newly diagnosed AML and ALL using the innovative biochip array technology. This generates a patient profile, which is relevant when investigating interacting functional networks
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