Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process in the pancreas that is common in dogs. This study was designed to compare cytokines between healthy dogs and dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis. For the canine cytokine antibody array, three healthy dogs and three dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis were included. Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TNF-α were not detected in either group based on the results. Conversely, IL-8 (p = 0.035), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP)-1 (p = 0.0138), Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE) (p = 0.0079), and stem cell factor (SCF) (p = 0.034) were significantly increased in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis. However, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (p = 0.6971) did not differ significantly between groups. For the canine serum Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), eight healthy dogs and eight dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis were included. ELISA revealed that IL-8 (p < 0.0001), MCP-1 (p < 0.0001), RAGE (p = 0.006), and SCF (p = 0.0002) were all significantly upregulated in the experimental group. We confirmed multiple patterns of cytokines in suspected acute pancreatitis of dogs via canine cytokine antibody array using a small quantity of serum. After this procedure, we reevaluated the cytokines, which were significantly increased in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis, by ELISA, with more samples. Through this study, we confirmed that MCP-1, RAGE, and SCF were newly suggested factors in dogs with suspected acute pancreatitis.
Highlights
Pancreatitis is the most common disease of the exocrine pancreas in dogs [1]
This study suggested that new cytokines, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP)-1, Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (RAGE), and stem cell factor (SCF), which could be involved in the pathogenesis of suspected acute pancreatitis in dogs, differed from those in normal controls
Cytokine microarray analysis of the serum samples collected in both groups revealed that IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) were not present in either group
Summary
Pancreatitis is the most common disease of the exocrine pancreas in dogs [1]. It is sometimes difficult to diagnose pancreatitis while the dog is still alive. 8% of 200 dogs that had died or had been euthanized for various reasons showed macroscopic evidence of pancreatitis at necropsy [3]. Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory process in the pancreas with the histologic presence of edema, neutrophilic infiltration, and necrosis that usually occurs with various degrees of involvement in other tissues [4]. 50% of dogs diagnosed with pancreatitis on necropsy showed evidence of chronic pancreatitis and 30% had lesions suggestive of acute pancreatitis [5]. Acute and chronic pancreatitis can only be differentiated based on histopathology
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