Abstract
Abstract Background Inflammation related hypertension is reported in obesity due to synthesis of angiotensin-II (Ang-II) and proinflammatory compounds in obese adipose tissue. Mast cell chymase (MC) also stimulate Ang-II synthesis, and activate transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The aim of our study is to evaluate the relation of serum chymase levels, a serine protease enzyme secreted from mast cells, in obese patients with hypertension and cytokines that lead to cell damage. Materials and methods Three study groups are composed of individuals aged between 19 and 63 with following characteristics; (1) control (n = 30): healthy subjects with body mass index (BMI) <25; (2) obese (n = 30): patients with BMI >30; (3) obese + HT (n = 20): patients BMI >30 and hypertension. Serum Ang-II, MC, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 are determined by commercial ELISA. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity is determined with enzymatic colorimetric assay. Results Serum chymase levels did not vary between groups. Chymase levels showed significant negative correlation with ACE activity (r = −0.278, p = 0.013) and positive correlation with Ang-II levels (r = 0.251, p = 0.024). No correlation was evident between chymase levels and hsCRP, TGF-β1 and MMP-9. Conclusion Serum chymase, Ang-II, TGF-β1 and MMP-9 levels did not change in obese and hypertensive-obese patients despite evident hyperinsulinemia, increased insulin resistance and elevated hsCRP levels.
Highlights
Obesity has turned into an epidemic, especially in developed countries, mainly due to changes in nutrition habits, decreased physical activity and increased pace of life in modern world, and became a public health concern
All 20 patients included in obese + HT group were under anti-hypertensive treatment and distribution of anti-hypertensive classes were as follows; Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors: 4 (20%), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB): 8 (40%), β-blocker: 11 (20%), calcium channel blocker (CCB): 4 (20%), diuretics: 4 (20%)
Scientific research within the last decade suggests that hypertension increase inflammation. Markers such as acute-phase proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP) and complement factor C3 are associated with incidence of hypertension and increased arterial blood pressure [19,20,21]
Summary
Obesity has turned into an epidemic, especially in developed countries, mainly due to changes in nutrition habits, decreased physical activity and increased pace of life in modern world, and became a public health concern. Increased adipose tissue mass is an important source of inflammation in obese individuals, causing obesity-related insulin resistance and hypertension by increasing oxidative stress [1]. Increased Ang-II synthesis causes elevated blood pressure [3, 4]. Studies on obese hypertensive patients reported increased regional Ang-II synthesis in adipose tissue [5, 6]. Inflammation related hypertension is reported in obesity due to synthesis of angiotensinII (Ang-II) and proinflammatory compounds in obese adipose tissue. Mast cell chymase (MC) stimulate Ang-II synthesis, and activate transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). The aim of our study is to evaluate the relation of serum chymase levels, a serine protease enzyme secreted from mast cells, in obese patients with hypertension and cytokines that lead to cell damage.
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