SERUM BIOMARKERS IN HEART FAILURE AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY PREDICTION

Abstract

Coronary heart disease is one of the most important clinical problems of modern medicine, which is associated with its high prevalence, low quality of life, poor prognosis and high mortality. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is one of the cardiovascular continuum endpoints, which starts from the risk factors of arterial hypertension (HTN) and leads to the development of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and subsequent reduction of the pumping function of the heart. According to the Framingham study, systolic blood pressure > 140 mm Hg is associated with a 4-fold increase in the risk of CHF and the normalization of blood pressure allows a 50 % reduction in the risk of CHF. Early diagnosis of HTN and risk assessment will allow to interrupt the cardiovascular continuum. Recently the serum biomarkers have been recognized as important toll for the diagnosis of heart failure and cardiovascular events. They reflect various pathophysiological aspects. In particular, the following biomarkers are produced in CHF: biomarkers of apoptosis (tumor necrosis factor α, Fas), remodeling of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase, inflammation and fibrosis (galectin-3, ST2, transforming growth factor beta 1). The review presents a brief description of the above biomarkers and their effects on the development of CHF and cardiovascular events.