Abstract
BackgroundThe most common primary liver cancer in adults is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is commonly presented with a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is important to explore effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC patients. Autophagy is involved in the development and prevention of cancer. Mammalian Beclin-1 is needed for an autophagic vesicle in HCC. Autophagy-related protein-5 (ATG5) is an important molecule involved in cell death during autophagy. The objective is to investigate serum ATG 5 and Beclin 1 levels in HCV-induced liver cirrhosis with and without HCC. The study was conducted on 80 individuals classified into 3 groups:Group 1: 30 patients with HCV-induced liver cirrhosis without HCC.Group 2: 30 patients with HCV-induced liver cirrhosis with HCC.Group 3: 20 healthy subjects (control group).ResultsSerum ATG 5 was significantly lower in HCC than liver cirrhosis patients. Serum Beclin 1 was significantly higher in HCC than liver cirrhosis patients. A cutoff value of < 95.7 and > 5.3 of serum ATG5 and Beclin 1 could be suggested for diagnosis of HCC among patients with HCV-related cirrhosis.ConclusionSerum Beclin 1 and ATG 5 could be used as a novel diagnostic marker for HCC. Moreover, scoring of serum BECLIN 1, ATG 5, and cachexia might be a future promising tool to predict the risk of HCC development.
Highlights
The most common primary liver cancer in adults is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is commonly presented with a poor prognosis
All causes of cirrhosis can be complicated by Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the risk increased in patients with viral hepatitis
Increased autophagy flux was detected in advanced cases of HCC and an increased autophagy response was found to be associated with malignant development and poor prognosis of HCC [4, 5]
Summary
The most common primary liver cancer in adults is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which is commonly presented with a poor prognosis. The objective is to investigate serum ATG 5 and Beclin 1 levels in HCV-induced liver cirrhosis with and without HCC. The study was conducted on 80 individuals classified into 3 groups: Group 1: 30 patients with HCV-induced liver cirrhosis without HCC. Group 2: 30 patients with HCV-induced liver cirrhosis with HCC. All causes of cirrhosis can be complicated by HCC, but the risk increased in patients with viral hepatitis. Around one-third of cirrhotic patients will develop HCC during lifetime [2]. Autophagy helps HCC invasion by having effect on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition [6]. It explains why HCC develops in cirrhotic liver rather than in normal liver
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