Abstract
The human organism has the ability to adapt to hypoxia conditions. Training in hypoxia is used in sport to improve the efficiency of athletes; however, type of training affects the direction and scope of this process. Therefore, in this study, the usefulness of serum fluorescence spectroscopy to study the assessment of athlete's response to strength effort in hypoxia is considered in comparison with biochemical assay. Six resistance-trained male subjects took part in a research experiment. They performed barbell squats in simulated normobaric hypoxic conditions with deficiency of oxygen 11.3%, 13% 14.3% compared to 21% in normoxic conditions. Fluorescence intensity of tyrosine revealed high sensitivity on strength effort whereas tryptophan was more dependent on high altitude. Changes in emission in the visible region are associated with altering cell metabolism dependent on high altitude as well as strength training and endurance training. Significant changes in serum fluorescence intensity with relatively weak modifications in biochemical assay at 3000 m above sea level (ASL) were observed. Training at 5000 m ASL caused changes in fluorescence parameters towards the normobaric specific values, and pronounced decreases of lactate level and kinase creatine activity were observed. Such modifications of fluorescence and biochemical assay indicate increased adaptation of the organism to effort in oxygen-deficient conditions at 5000 m ASL, unlike 3000 m ASL. Fluorescence spectroscopy study of serum accompanied by biochemical assay can contribute to the understanding of metabolic regulation and the physiological response to hypoxia. The results of serum autofluorescence during various concepts of altitude training may be a useful method to analyze individual response to acute and chronic hypoxia. An endogenous tryptophan could be exploited as intrinsic biomarker in autofluorescence studies. However, these issues require further research.
Highlights
Hypoxia is a state when tissue oxygenation in certain body organs or the whole body is insufficient compared to oxygen demand. e physiological cause of hypoxia in the organism is its exposure to natural or simulated altitude
Human serum is composed of variety of components [14], but only a few of them make significant contributions to overall fluorescence. e main fluorescent species of serum have tentatively been identified by comparison with literature data as tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Our results showed that the emission of serum as sensitive to alterations in the function, morphology, and microenvironment in cells can provide valuable information about differences in various stages of the training in normobaric hypoxia when compared with analogical training in normoxia. e advantage of measuring serum fluorescence is the ability to obtain direct
Summary
Hypoxia is a state when tissue oxygenation in certain body organs or the whole body is insufficient compared to oxygen demand. e physiological cause of hypoxia in the organism is its exposure to natural (hypobaric hypoxia) or simulated (normobaric hypoxia) altitude. Hypoxia is a state when tissue oxygenation in certain body organs or the whole body is insufficient compared to oxygen demand. E physiological and morphological effects of high altitude in humans are the subject of studies by many researchers [7]. Based on the BioMed Research International pattern of adaptive changes occurring in the human body in response to hypoxia, it can be concluded that the key factors for increased exercise capacity in hypoxia are ventilatory adaptation, improvement of the process of oxygen supply in tissues resulting from lowering hemoglobin (Hb)-O2 affinity, and improvement of blood oxygen-carrying capacity [8,9,10]. It is worth noting that erythropoiesis-regulated increase of blood oxygen-carrying capacity is a slow response and constitutes a long-term adaptation to hypoxia [11, 12]
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