Abstract
BackgroundDiets rich in omega-3 fatty acids and low in saturated fat were found beneficially associated with blood lipids and cardio-vascular health. Lean reindeer meet and local cold water white-fish species high in omega-3 are among the main sources of nutrients in the rural area of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) in Russia and are not normally consumed by the urban population from the same region. The aims of the study were firstly, to compare serum lipid profiles of residents of urban (Arkhangelsk city) and rural (NAO) regions of Arkhangelsk County, and secondly, to investigate the effects of fish consumption on the predictor of cardiovascular events apolipoprotein (Apo) B/ApoA-I ratio in these populations.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted in Arkhangelsk County, Russia. Sample size of 249 adults: 132 subjects from Arkhangelsk city, aged 21–70 and 117 subject (87% Ethnic Nenets) from NAO, aged 18–69.ResultsWe observed more favorable lipid levels in NAO compared to Arkhangelsk participants. Age-adjusted geometric means of ApoB/ApoA-I ratio were 1.02 and 0.98 in men and women from Arkhangelsk; 0.84 and 0.91 in men and women from NAO respectively. Age and consumption of animal fat were positively associated with ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in women (pooled samples from Arkhangelsk and NAO). Body mass index and low levels of physical activity were positively associated with ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in men (pooled samples from Arkhangelsk and NAO). Reported oily fish consumption was not significantly correlated with ApoB/ApoA-I ratio.ConclusionThe population sample from rural NAO, consisting largely of the indigenous Arctic population Nenets with healthier dietary sources, had a relatively less atherogenic lipid profile compared to the urban Arkhangelsk group. Fish consumption had no effect on apolipoproteins profile.
Highlights
Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids and low in saturated fat were found beneficially associated with blood lipids and cardio-vascular health
This study provides the preliminary results on distribution of serum lipids and apolipoproteins in the unique remote rural population of Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO), where the majority of inhabitants are Nenets indigenous people
The main finding of this study was that participants from NAO had a relatively favorable lipid profile compared to participants from Arkhangelsk
Summary
Diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids and low in saturated fat were found beneficially associated with blood lipids and cardio-vascular health. An observational study in Kohama island, Japan, reported that the population of the island had the lowest incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this country. They had a higher serum level of eicosapolyenoic acids (46.8 mg/100 ml) than that in people on mainland Japan, owing to the higher intake of fresh fish (147.7 g/day). In the late 1970s, epidemiological studies by Bang and Dyerberg showed that Greenland Inuit had a lower risk of CVD compared to the Danish population due to low intake of saturated fatty acids and high intake n-3 PUFAs, derived from fish, seal and whale (polyunsaturated fatty acids / saturated fatty acids ratio was 0.84 in Inuit and 0.24 in Danes). Inuit were reported to have decreased blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and men had increased levels of HDL-C [6,7,8,9,10,11]
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