Serum and Saliva Levels of High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein in Acute Myocardial Infarction

Iraj Mirzaii- Dizgah

doi:10.4172/2155-9929.1000128

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum and saliva levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in the patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Materials and Methods: In a cross sectional study, 28 patients with acute MI and 28 healthy subjects were recruited to the study, and hs-CRP levels which were measured in the serum, resting saliva, and stimulated saliva at the morning of first and second days of acute MI using ELISA method. Statistical analysis of the Student’s t test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: The mean stimulated saliva hs-CRP concentration (ng/ml) was significantly higher in the patients with acute MI at both the first and the second day of MI (2.08 ± 0.55 and 2.78 ± 0.75 respectively) than in the control group (0.26 ± 0.11). It was also higher in unstimulated saliva in the patients at the both days (3.75 ± 0.92 and 2.78 ± 0.75) than controls (0.68 ± 0.21). Serum hs-CRP level (μg/ml) was higher in the patients at the second day of MI (7.03 ± 0.36) compared to healthy individuals (3.84 ± 0.60). Furthermore, stimulated and unstimulated saliva hs-CRP levels correlated significantly with serum hs-CRP level (r = 0.249, P = 0.044; r = 0.289, P = 0.038 respectively). Conclusion: It can be concluded that saliva level of hs-CRP shows a massive rise after occurrence of acute MI, and salivary hs-CRP may serve as a point-of-care testing for detection of acute MI.

Highlights

Microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) protein has a central role in the survival and differentiation of melanoblasts and melanocytes [1,2,3]
1Applies to invasive tumors 2Excluded due to no events in the categories Clark level I-II and missing Clark level for any non-missing level of tumor thickness/in situ 3Excluded since the in situ tumors are nested within the variable tumor thickness/ in situ. 4Excluded due to no events in the category NA: Not applicable, NM: Nodular malignant melanoma, ref: Reference, SSM: Superficial spreading melanoma in Table 2, we studied the distribution of levels indicating a low-risk, a medium highrisk and those with high-risk (Table 3)
In a representative sample from a large, population-based cohort of patients treated for malignant melanoma we found that a medium expression of MITF was associated with worse prognosis as measured by risk of dying from malignant melanoma than a low or a high expression of MITF

Summary

Introduction

Microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) protein has a central role in the survival and differentiation of melanoblasts and melanocytes [1,2,3]. The MITF protein is a basic helixloop-helix leucine zipper (b-HLH-Zip) transcription factor [6] where nine different promoters are known in humans. Alternative splices produce different isoforms where MITF-M is melanocyte specific [7]. It has been demonstrated that alternative splice forms of MITF-M can have different roles [8]. One comprehensive laboratory and clinical study has indicated that amplification of the MITF gene is associated with progression of disease and risk of distant metastases [9] but other clinical studies have shown that high protein expression on the contrary may be beneficial [10]. In vitro and animal studies implicate a complex pattern where both depletion and forced expression inhibit proliferation in cell lines [11] and high levels of MITF inhibit tumor growth and decrease Ki-67 expression [12]

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