Abstract

El estudio de la lipasa y amilasa total y sus isoenzimas en suero como indicadores bioquímicos de daño pancreático en pacientes tratados con ácido valproico y con otros fármacos antiepilépticos inductores enzimáticos.Se determinaron las actividades séricas de lipasa y amilasa total y sus isoenzimas en 41 pacientes tratados con ácido valproico en monoterapia, 50 pacientes tratados en mono/politerapia con fenitoína, fenobarbital y carbamazepina y 30 controles clínicamente sanos.En el primer grupo de pacientes no se encontró una diferencia clínicamente significativa en relación al grupo control para ninguna de las actividades enzimáticas; sin embargo, en el grupo tratado con fármacos antiepilépticos inductores se encontró una diferencia clínicamente significativa para la lipasa y amilasa de tipo pancreático. En este grupo de pacientes, en 2 casos (4%) la actividad de amilasa pancreática estaba claramente aumentada con niveles que sugerían la existencia de un daño pancreático. La amilasa total presentó una deficiente especificidad como marcador bioquímico de daño pancreático en los pacientes estudiados, correspondiendo la mayor actividad encontrada a un caso con aumento de la isoenzima de tipo salivar. Por su parte la lipasa parece presentar una menor sensibilidad.En pacientes tratados con fármacos antiepilépticos la determinación de la isoenzima de tipo pancreático de la amilasa podría ser de interés aun en ausencia de signos clínicos de pancreatitis aguda.The study of the serum lipase and total amylase and its isoenzymes as biochemical markers of pancreatic injury in patients treated with valproic acid and other enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs.The serum activities of lipase and total amylase and its isoenzymes were determined in 41 patients treated in monotherapy with valproic acid, 50 patients in mono/polytherapy with phenytoin, phenobarbital and carbamazepine, and 30 healthy controls.In the first group of patients a clinically significant difference in relation to the control group was not obtained for any of the enzyme activities studied; however, in the group of patients treated with enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs clinically significant differences were obtained for lipase and pancreatic amylase. In this group of patients, the activity of pancreatic amylase was clearly increased in two cases (4%), suggesting the existence of a pancreatic damage. In the patients studied, the total amylase showed a poor specificity as a biochemical marker for pancreatic injury, and the greater serum activity observed in one case corresponds to an increase of the salivar isoenzyme. The sensitivity of the lipase is smaller than amylase pancreatic isoenzyme.In patients treated with antiepileptic drugs, the determination of the pancreatic isoenzyme of amylase would be of interest even in absence of clinical signs for acute pancreatitis.

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