Serum adipokines as non-invasive biomarkers in Crohn\u2019s disease

Lorena Ortega Moreno,David Bernardo,Samuel Fernández-Tomé,Paloma Fernández,Alicia C Marin,Javier P Gisbert,Ricardo Arroyo Solera,Marina J Fernández De La Fuente,Ancor Sanz-Garcia,Montserrat Baldan-Martin,María Chaparro,Irene Mora-Gutierrez

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74999-6

Abstract

Adipose tissue secretes molecules that can promote activity in Crohn’s disease. We aimed to evaluate the role of serum adipokines as possible biomarkers in Crohn’s disease. Serum samples were obtained from 40 patients with endoscopically active or quiescent Crohn’s disease and 36 healthy controls. Serum leptin, ghrelin, resistin and adiponectin levels were analysed by Multiplex in a Luminex 200 system technology. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were performed to evaluate the adipokines discriminatory capacity. A logistic regression adjusted by possible confounders (i.e. gender, age, BMI) was performed for those adipokines that showed an area under the curve > 0.7. No differences were found in age, gender or BMI among groups. Distribution for serum resistin was different among the three groups of study, and only this adipokine showed an area under the curve of 0.75 comparing actives patients and healthy control groups. Resistin median concentration was selected as a cut-off for a logistic regression analysis; odds ratio along its 95% confidence interval adjusted by gender, age, and BMI yielded a value of 5.46 (1.34–22.14) comparing actives patients and healthy controls. High concentration of serum resistin is probably associated to activity, being this association independent of gender, age or BMI.

Highlights

Adipose tissue secretes molecules that can promote activity in Crohn’s disease
Median comparisons of the adipokines concentrations among groups were only statistically significant in the case of resistin (p = 0.04) (Table 2), while Dunn test post hoc analysis revealed that this was due to the comparison between active CD (aCD) and healthy controls (HC) (p = 0.03)
Adiponectin has been associated to cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes playing a paradoxical role as the higher concentration of adiponectin the higher is the risk of cardiovascular mortality[25,26]

Summary

Introduction

Adipose tissue secretes molecules that can promote activity in Crohn’s disease. We aimed to evaluate the role of serum adipokines as possible biomarkers in Crohn’s disease. Serum samples were obtained from 40 patients with endoscopically active or quiescent Crohn’s disease and 36 healthy controls. A logistic regression adjusted by possible confounders (i.e. gender, age, BMI) was performed for those adipokines that showed an area under the curve > 0.7. Distribution for serum resistin was different among the three groups of study, and only this adipokine showed an area under the curve of 0.75 comparing actives patients and healthy control groups. Resistin median concentration was selected as a cut-off for a logistic regression analysis; odds ratio along its 95% confidence interval adjusted by gender, age, and BMI yielded a value of 5.46 (1.34–22.14) comparing actives patients and healthy controls. Abbreviations aCD Active Crohn’s disease qCD Quiescent Crohn’s disease CD Crohn’s disease IBD Inflammatory bowel disease HC Healthy control SES-CD Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease ROC Receiver operating characteristic AUC Area under the curve. Gisbert and David Bernardo. *email: Scientific Reports | (2020) 10:18027

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Conclusion