Abstract
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency is very common in Pakistan and is often related to inferior prognosis in some cancers but limited data exist for hematopoietic malignancies. This study was conducted to determine the vitamin D insufficiency in B-chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) cases at the time of presentation and its possible correlation with clinical staging, hematological parameters and biochemical markers. This descriptive cross sectional study was carried at Liaquat National Hospital from January 2011 to June 2013. Sixty patients with B-chronic lymphoid leukemia were enrolled. Complete blood count, vitamin D levels, serum urea, creatinine, uric acid and LDH levels were assessed. Data were compiled and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Out of 60 patients, 42 (70%) were male and 18 (30%) were female. Mean age was 59.0±9.2 years. The frequency of vitamin D insufficiency was found to be 56.7%. Overall insufficiency was more frequently seen in male gender (40%). Vitamin D insufficiency demonstrated a positive association with low lactate dehydrogenase levels (P=0.005). No links were established with age, clinical stage, hematological and other biochemical markers. Vitamin D insufficiency is high compared with Western studies. Whether normalization of vitamin D insufficiency in deficient B-CLL patients could improve the clinical outcome or delay disease progression will require further studies.
Highlights
Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent type of adult leukemia in the western countries with an incidence of 5 individuals per 100,000 annually (Xu et al, 2009; Rozman et al, 1995; Zwiebel et al, 1998)
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency is very common in Pakistan and is often related to inferior prognosis in some cancers but limited data exist for hematopoietic malignancies
A total of 60 confirmed chronic lymphoid leukemia patients using the non probability consecutive sampling were included in this study. 42(70%) were males and 18(30%) were females
Summary
Chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent type of adult leukemia in the western countries with an incidence of 5 individuals per 100,000 annually (Xu et al, 2009; Rozman et al, 1995; Zwiebel et al, 1998). CLL is a heterogeneous disease at both clinical and molecular levels with a variable clinical course (Mozaheb et al, 2012; Zeeshan et al, 2015). Various markers including ZAP-70, molecular studies and mutational status are useful prognostic indicators for disease course and overall survival (Sagatys and Zhang, 2012; Zeeshan et al, 2015). Vitamin D insufficiency has been emerging as a new independent poor prognostic factor in patients with B-CLL (Aref et al, 2013). This study was conducted to determine the vitamin D insufficiency in B-chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) cases at the time of presentation and its possible correlation with clinical staging, hematological parameters and biochemical markers. Whether normalization of vitamin D insufficiency in deficient B-CLL patients could improve the clinical outcome or delay disease progression will require further studies
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