Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) be included in immunization programs worldwide. In China, the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PREVNAR 7®) was authorized in 2008 but was not included in the national immunization programs. In 2016, PREVNAR 13®, a 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), was licensed for optional use in China. We will conduct a scoping review of the distribution of serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children aged under 5 years in China since the introduction of PCV13. We will obtain data from PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Med Online. We will also review epidemiological data from WHO and the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (CHINET). Our analysis will include the condition of interest, the intervention, and the geographical region. All types of studies will be eligible for inclusion in the study database if they meet the inclusion criteria. This scoping review is intended to outline how S. pneumoniae serotypes are distributed, and it will map their antimicrobial resistance in children aged under 5 years in China. The results of this study will provide useful information on the impact of PCV13 in China.
Highlights
Pneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths of children under 5 years old, killing 808,694 children in 2017; Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children[1]
The widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has decreased the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)[2], S. pneumoniae is still a substantial issue because immunization causes serotype changes, the available PCVs are costly, and widespread antibiotic use during the last decades has resulted in drug-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae[3]
PCV7 was licensed in China in 2008, it was not included in the national immunization program
Summary
Pneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths of children under 5 years old, killing 808,694 children in 2017; Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in children[1]. The widespread use of PCVs has decreased the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD)[2], S. pneumoniae is still a substantial issue because immunization causes serotype changes, the available PCVs are costly, and widespread antibiotic use during the last decades has resulted in drug-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae[3]. The introduction of pneumococcal vaccines has decreased the incidence of drug-resistant strains in some areas[4]. In China, pneumococcal disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children[5,6]. An analytical decision model indicated that the use of PCV7 could have prevented more than 16.2 million cases of pneumococcal disease and 709,411 deaths in China during the 10 years after the vaccine’s introduction[8]. PCV13 was licensed for optional use in November 2016, it is not widely used because of low awareness and the high price of the vaccine
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