Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae causes around 10% of all deaths in children younger than five years of age. This study aimed to examine the serogroups/serotypes of S. pneumoniae colonization and vaccine serotype coverage of this organism among Thai children. Nasopharyngeal swabs of children less than or equal to 15 years of age were obtained in congested areas in Chiang Mai from 1 February 2013 to 1 August 2013. The serotyping of S. pneumoniae isolates was performed using the ImmuLex™ kit and the vaccine serotype coverage for this organism was evaluated. A total of 292 children were enrolled. One hundred and thirty children (44.5%) had nasopharyngeal colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Eighty-seven (66.9%) isolates were from children younger than five years of age, seventeen (13.1%) were from children aged 6–10 years, and twenty-six (20%) were from children aged 11–15 years. The five most common serogroups/serotypes isolated were 6 (6A, 6B, 6C) (46.1%), 23 (23F, 23A, 23B) (14.6%), 19 (19F, 19A, 19B, 19C) (8.5%), 15 (15F, 15A, 15B, 15C) (6.9%), and 14 (6.1%). Vaccine serotype coverages in pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV):PCV7, PCV10, and PCV13 were 79.1%, 83.6%, and 85.9%, respectively. There were significant increases in coverage between PCV7 and PCV10 (from 79.1% to 83.6%, p < 0.001), PCV7 and PCV13 (from 79.1% to 85.9%, p < 0.001), and PCV10 and PCV13 (from 83.6% to 85.9%, p < 0.001). The majority of pneumococcal serogroup/serotype colonization in the nasopharynx of Thai children in the studied areas was included in the current licensed pneumococcal conjugated vaccines (PCVs). PCV vaccination should be considered for high-risk children to reduce the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among Thai children.
Highlights
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacterium that can cause bloodstream infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients
From 1 February 2013 to 1 August 2013, 292 children who lived in congested areas were recruited into this study
This study indicated that at least 16.9% of S. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to penicillin by using a 1-μg oxacillin disk screening test
Summary
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacterium that can cause bloodstream infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. S. pneumoniae bacterial infection complications include meningitis, arthritis, and heart diseases. S. pneumoniae bacteremia is known as invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) [1]. Before the implementation of the pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV), the incidence of IPD in the United States among children younger than five years of age was approximately 17,000 cases per year. This included 700 cases of meningitis and 200 deaths [1]. When the United States added the PCV to the vaccination program, the incidence of IPD decreased by 60 to 90 percent in children younger than two years of age [2,3,4,5,6,7]
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