Abstract
The two currently available ten- and thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13) both induce serotype-specific IgG anti-polysaccharide antibodies and are effective in preventing vaccine serotype induced invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) as well as in reducing overall vaccine-serotype carriage and transmission and thereby inducing herd protection in the whole population. IgG levels decline after vaccination and could become too low to prevent carriage acquisition and/or pneumococcal disease. We compared the levels of 10-valent (PCV10) and 13-valent (PCV13) pneumococcal vaccine induced serum IgG antibodies at multiple time points after primary vaccinations. Data from two separate studies both performed in the Netherlands in infants vaccinated at 2, 3, and 4 months of age with either PCV10 or PCV13 were compared. Antibody levels were measured at 5, 8, and 11 months of age, during the interval between the primary immunization series and the 11-months booster dose. Serotype-specific IgG levels were determined by multiplex immunoassay. Although antibody kinetics showed significant variation between serotypes and between vaccines for the majority of the 10 shared serotypes, i.e., 1, 5, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, and 23F, antibody concentrations were sufficiently high for both vaccines, immediately after the primary series and throughout the whole period until the booster dose. In contrast, for serotypes 4 and 19F in the PCV10 group and for serotypes 4 and 6B in the PCV13 group, IgG antibody concentrations already come within reach of the frequently used seroprotection level of 0.35 μg/mL immediately after the primary series at the five month time point and/or at eight months. This paper addresses the importance of revealing differences in serotype-specific and pneumococcal vaccine-dependent IgG antibody patterns during the interval between the primary series and the booster dose, an age period with a high IPD incidence. Trial registration: www.trialregister.nl NTR3069 and NTR2316.
Highlights
S. pneumoniae remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, in children under the age of five years
2011, compared antibody titers and plasma- and memory B cell responses around the 11-months booster dose in infants who had received PCV10 or PCV13
But infants in the PCV10 group were 0.1–0.4 months older at the 2, 3, and 4 months vaccination moments and the 5-months blood sampling time point, and were 0.5 months younger at the 11-months blood sampling time point when compared to infants from the PCV13 group of the NTR2316 trial (Table S1)
Summary
S. pneumoniae remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide, in children under the age of five years. The first pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) that was widely implemented for the prevention of pneumococcal disease in children contained purified bacterial capsule sugars from seven of the more than 90 identified pneumococcal serotypes conjugated to the CRM197 carrier protein (PCV7). PCV7 vaccination was introduced in the National Immunization. Program (NIP) in the Netherlands in 2006 for all infants with vaccine doses administered at the age of Vaccines 2018, 6, 82; doi:10.3390/vaccines6040082 www.mdpi.com/journal/vaccines. 2, 3, and 4 months followed by a booster dose at the age of 11 months. The beneficial effects of vaccination are eroding due to serotype replacement. In response to the increase in S. pneumoniae infections by non-vaccine serotypes, 10- and 13-valent vaccines (PCV10 and PCV13, respectively), licensed in 2009/2010, have replaced PCV7 in National Immunization Programs (NIP) worldwide
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