Abstract
The pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) is a common bacterial pathogen responsible for various infections, especially in children below 5 years of age. The severity of pneumococcal infections varies from self-limiting mucosal infections, including acute otitis media, sinusitis, and noninvasive pneumonia, to life-threatening invasive disease like bacteremia and meningitis. A high incidence of pneumococcal infections is combined with a constantly growing antibiotic resistance of this pathogen. The growing resistance is thought to be associated with misuse of antibiotics and emerging of resistant clones that may spread throughout the entire population. Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCV) contain an assortment of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (from 7 to 13) that produce serotype-specific protective antibodies. Since early 2000's, the introduction of PCV into national immunization programs has been shown to substantially decrease the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal carriage associated with vaccine-type pneumococci in many countries. In 2014, PCV vaccination was included in the Russian national calendar of prophylactic vaccination. The present article reviews the current literature on serotype prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and PCV effect on the evolution of pneumococcus.
Highlights
Пневмококк (Streptococcus pneumoniae) входит в число главных возбудителей острых бактериальных инфекций у детей, особенно в возрасте до 5 лет
The severity of pneumococcal infections varies from self-limiting mucosal infections, including acute otitis media, sinusitis, and noninvasive pneumonia, to life-threatening invasive disease like bacteremia and meningitis
Since early 2000’s, the introduction of polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PCV) into national immunization programs has been shown to substantially decrease the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumococcal carriage associated with vaccine-type pneumococci in many countries
Summary
Пневмококк (Streptococcus pneumoniae) входит в число главных возбудителей острых бактериальных инфекций у детей, особенно в возрасте до 5 лет. С учетом того, что в детских сообществах стями капсульных полисахаридов описано более 90 серо- наблюдается наиболее высокая частота носительства типов пневмококка. Массовая вакцинация ПКВ7, начавшаяся в 2000 г., В большинстве случаев S. pneumoniae вызывает муко- в течение нескольких лет резко снизила частоту инвазальные инфекции, такие как острый синусит и острый зивных пневмококковых инфекций, ассоциированных средний отит (ОСО), который может приводить к рас- с вакцинными серотипами пневмококка.
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