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Abstract
In the study, 15 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from the mink experiencing respiratory distress in mideastern Shandong province, China, and the prevalence of K. pneumoniae in the sampled mink was 11.9% (15/126). Fourteen (93.33%) of the 15 K. pneumoniae isolates were identified as serotype K2 and hypermucoviscosity phenotype. The 12 virulence-associated genes of the K. pneumoniae isolates were tested. The prevalence of the wabG gene for the isolates were 100% (15/15), the ureA gene 100% (15/15), the rmpA gene 93.33% (14/15), the aerobactin gene 93.33% (14/15), the uge gene 93.33% (14/15), the IucB gene 80% (12/15) and the ybtA gene 13.33% (2/15). But the other five genes, fim, iroNB, wcaG, alls and kfuBC, gave a negative PCR reaction in the 15 isolates, respectively. The animal experiments using K. pneumoniae-SD-12 and K. pneumoniae-SD-21 demonstrated that the serotype K2 was high virulence for mice and mink. These finding implied there exist potential threat that K. pneumoniae pathogens could transmit to human, especially the fur animal farm workers and residents lived near the fur animal farms. Therefore, the etiology and epidemiological surveillance of K. pneumoniae in mink should be strengthened for people’s public health.
Highlights
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is an gram-negative bacillus causing hospital acquired infections and infections in debilitated or immunocompromised patients, such as hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, septicaemia pneumonia, pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) and metastatic complications[1,2,3]
Fourteen (93.33%) of the 15 K. pneumoniae isolates belonged to serotype K2 using PCR and sequencing, and were identified as hypermucoviscosity phenotype by touching a colony with a loop and pulling up ≥5 mm, including K. pneumoniae-SD-1 to K. pneumoniae-SD-13 and K. pneumoniae-SD-21
K. pneumoniae is found in the environment and as a harmless commensal, but is a frequent nosocomial pathogen causing urinary, respiratory and blood infections, and PLA19–21
Summary
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family, is an gram-negative bacillus causing hospital acquired infections and infections in debilitated or immunocompromised patients, such as hospital-acquired urinary tract infections, septicaemia pneumonia, pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) and metastatic complications[1,2,3]. In French, a study of severe and fatal infections due to K. pneumoniae showed that the isolates from the fatal cases were all of capsular serotype K211. Aerobactin, an iron chelator called iron siderophore, is an essential factor of pathogenicity in K. pneumoniae and can increase virulence in mouse lethality tests by 100-fold[16]. When injected into mice intraperitoneally, regardless of any K serotype, K. pneumoniae isolates with hypermucoviscosity phenotype as well as presence of rmpA and aerobactin genes exhibited high virulence for mouse lethality, 50% lethal dose (LD50)
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