Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) immunoreactive endocrine and neural elements in the chromaffin enteropancreatic system of amphibians and reptiles

Abstract

The diffuse chromaffin enteropancreatic system of nine species of amphibians (newts, frogs) and reptiles (turtles, lizards, snakes) was investigated immunohistochemically for the presence and topographic distribution of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). The study revealed various numbers of serotonin-producing cells in the pancreas and intestinal epithelium and also immunolabelled nerve profiles in the villi of all species studied. In addition, two different morphological populations of serotonin cells ("open" and "closed") were localized in the functional segments of the intestines in the representative species of all the taxa investigated. Semi-quantitative evaluation of the immunolabelled pancreatic and enteric cells revealed significantly different mean numbers of labelled cells in different amphibian and reptilian taxa, and also between the various successive gut segments of each taxon. The ratio between "open" and "closed" varieties of serotonin cells recorded along the intestines followed a decreasing trend, progressive in lizards and snakes and more abrupt in newts, frogs and turtles. The above findings may help resolve several key stages of the phylogenetic evolution of poikilothermic vertebrates.