Sero-Surveillance of Brucellosis in Cattle of Chitwan District, Nepal

Bhojan Dhakal,Meera Prajapati,Sabita Subedi

doi:10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15774

Bhojan Dhakal, Meera Prajapati + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15774

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Abstract

A cross sectional study was conducted in Eastern and Western parts of Chitwan district from November 2015 to April, 2016 in two parts, the social study followed by biological to determine and compare the prevalence, distribution of antibodies, and level of awareness of farmers against Brucella abortus in cattle of the two regions of same district. Altogether blood samples of 92 cattle were taken for detection of Brucella antibodies by using RBPT test and the positive samples were further retested by Indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. The samples which showed positive on both tests were confirmed as seropositive. Chi -square test and Fisher Exact test was used to find out the association between various variables. The result showed that 14.13% (13/92) and 10.86% (10/92) sample were positive by RBPT and iELISA test respectively. There was no significant prevalence differences (p>0.05) on location, age group, breed type, and method of service (artificial and natural) used in cattle. Comparing abortion with prevalence of Brucellosis, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the result of both RBPT and iELISA test. Inferring from this result, there is association between the abortion and occurrence of Brucellosis. The higher significant prevalence differences (p<0.01) was according to the time of abortion where higher seropositivity was obtained in the cattle aborted on 5-7th month of pregnancy and cattle of 3rd parity. The study showed the existence of Brucellosis in Chitwan district with no adoption of any preventive measures against this disease, so here is current need of the strategies for its prevention and control in order to mitigate such overwhelming situation.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 365-371

Highlights

Nepal is an agricultural country in which the livestock sector contributes 24 percent of the total agricultural GDP (AGDP) (ADS, 2014)
Around 73 million cattle are reared in Nepal in which the Chitwan which is considered as a pocket area of milk production, contains 74609 cattle (DLSO 2071/72) producing 250,000 Liters
Region Wise Prevalence of Brucellosis in Cattle at Chitwan District Among 50 cattle tested from Eastern Chitwan, 10 (10.87%) were found to be positive and 40 (43.38%) negative by RBPT while 7 (7.61) were positive, 41(44.57%) negative and 3 (3.26%) were doubtful for Brucella by iELISA test

Summary

Introduction

Nepal is an agricultural country in which the livestock sector contributes 24 percent of the total agricultural GDP (AGDP) (ADS, 2014). Around 73 million cattle are reared in Nepal in which the Chitwan which is considered as a pocket area of milk production, contains 74609 cattle (DLSO 2071/72) producing 250,000 Liters. Feed, housing, prevalence of diseases, its prevention and control plays the crucial role for their better performance. Among the different diseases on the livestock, Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread zoonotic diseases caused by Brucella spp. resulting significant economic losses due to decreased in calving percentage, delayed in calving, culling for infertility, decreased in milk production, abortions, stillbirth, birth of weak calves and loss of labors spent in infected animal cost of treatment, and can infect people too (Poester et al, 2002; Dermott et al, 2002; Ocholi et al, 2004; Adamu, 2009). Infection in bulls causes orchitis, epididymitis, seminal vesiculitis and hygroma (Kumi-Diaka et al, 1980; Godfroid et al, 2004)

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