Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmitted Infections among blood donors in a Tertiary care Hospital in Andhra Pradesh

C R Sirajunnisa Begum,S Nafeesa Banu,Venkatraman J

doi:10.21276/apalm.1674

Abstract

Background: Blood transfusion is a life-saving procedure as even a single unit of blood and its components can save multiple recipients in need. Though it’s a safe procedure, the risk of transmission of infections like HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are still seen. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of HBsAg, HCV, HIV, Syphilis and Malaria in various ABO and Rh (D) blood groups donors. Methods: A retrospective study was performed from January 2014 to May 2017 in a blood bank of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 8260 blood units which were collected from both voluntary and replacement donors during the study period were included. Complete donor’s demography and screening status for TTI’s were analysed. Results: Out of 8260 blood donors, 232(2.8%) were positive for TTIs. The overall prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis was found to be 0.06%, 2.1 % , 0.15% and 0.4% respectively. The highest percentage of prevalence was observed for HBV, followed by syphilis, HCV and HIV. Higher seroprevalence of TTI’s were noted in replacement donors and younger age group between 18 to 30 years. Conclusion: Following strict donor eligibility criteria and effecting high sensitive screening methods can bring down the prevalence of TTI’s. Proper treatment and follow-up counselling can help in preventing further transmission of infections in the community. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1674

Highlights

Blood transfusion is a life-saving procedure as even a single unit of blood and its components can save multiple recipients in need.[1]
Over the past two to three decades, several measures have been introduced into the screening of blood donations to detect diseases that may be transmitted via blood transfusions with the aim of improving the quality and safety of the blood supply.[3]
Transmission of infection during the asymptomatic phase results in higher incidence of TTIs. This incidence can be reduced by regular implementation of donor selection procedures and donor screening by sensitive tests and effective inactivation procedures.3. Both WHO and Indian National AIDS Control Origination (NACO) recommends comprehensive screening for all blood donations, using a quality control system to screen for HBV, HCV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), and syphilis.3,9The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV, HIV and Syphilis in various ABO and Rh (D) blood groups donors

Summary

Introduction

Blood transfusion is a life-saving procedure as even a single unit of blood and its components can save multiple recipients in need.[1] Though it’s a safe procedure, the risk of transmission of infections like HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are still seen.[2] Over the past two to three decades, several measures have been introduced into the screening of blood donations to detect diseases that may be transmitted via blood transfusions with the aim of improving the quality and safety of the blood supply.[3] It has been found that there was 1% chance of transfusion associated problems that can occur with every unit of blood.. Though it’s a safe procedure, the risk of transmission of infections like HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are still seen. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of HBsAg, HCV, HIV, Syphilis and Malaria in various ABO and Rh (D) blood groups donors

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion