Abstract
Background: Transfusion-transmissible infections are well-known global health challenges. The present study is proposed to investigate the seropositivity of anti-HIV1/2, anti-HCV, HBsAg, and anti-T.pallidum among volunteer blood donors of Kosti Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Methods: Our study was conducted in a cross-sectional retrospective manner. The data of donors who attended Kosti Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital throughout 2016 to 2018 were reviewed and retrieved manually from blood bank records. Results: Out of 8139 donors, 22.52% were seropositive for serological markers of TTIs and 1.67% were seropositive for at least two serological markers of TTIs. The overall seropositivity rate of anti-HIV1/2, HBsAg, anti-HCV, and anti-T.pallidum was 1.77%, 6.07%, 1.14%, and 11.87%, respectively (p < 0.000). Anti-T.pallidum was the most frequently detected (p < 0.05) marker across all study variables. TTIs seroprevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) varied according to the age, residence, occupations, and blood groups. Notably, there was a rising trend in the rate of anti-HIV1/2 and seropositivity for more than one marker with age (p < 0.000). Regionally, rural area residents had a higher rate of anti-HIV1/2 (2.20%), HBsAg (6.31%), anti-HCV (1.42%), anti-T.pallidum (18.38%), and multiple markers seropositivity (2.28%) compared to urban areas. Between occupations, the highest rate of anti-HIV1/2 (p = 0.483), HBsAg (p = 0.003), anti-HCV (p = 0.408), anti-T.pallidum (p < 0.000), and multiple markers seropositivity (p < 0.000) were detected in farmers. Regarding the screening, we also found that the frequency of anti-T.pallidum was significantly (p = 0.003) higher in donors who carry the AB+ve blood group, whereas anti-HCV (1.83%) was more frequent in donors carry O−ve blood group (p = 0.255). As seen, anti-T.pallidum+HBsAg was the most frequently (1.22%) co-occurring markers. In contrast, anti-T.pallidum+anti-HIV1/2+HBsAg was the lowest frequency one (p < 0.000). Conclusions: The study showed an alarming rate of TTIs, which suggests the requirement for comprehensive surveillance and health education programs.
Highlights
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and T.pallidum are potentially dangerous infectious pathogens that may be acquired through blood transfusion [1,2]
The current study intended to screen the seropositivity of anti-HIV1/2, anti-HCV, HBsAg, and anti-T.pallidum among blood donors of Kosti Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital
Data of 8139 blood donors recruited in the blood bank of Kosti Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital throughout 2016 to 2018 were checked and retrieved manually from records
Summary
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and T.pallidum are potentially dangerous infectious pathogens that may be acquired through blood transfusion [1,2]. More than 81 million blood units are collected globally every year, of which, 18 million units are not tested for transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) [8]. A huge number of the world population are at risk of exposure to chronic and life-threatening illnesses, such as HBV, HCV, or HIV infections, attributable to the transfusion of unsafe blood or its products [7]. The assessment and screening of the frequency of HCV, HBV, HIV, and T.pallidum infections among blood donors are valuable in understanding the epidemiology of TTIs, and it is a matter of concern to ensure safe blood transfusion. The current study intended to screen the seropositivity of anti-HIV1/2, anti-HCV, HBsAg, and anti-T.pallidum among blood donors of Kosti Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital
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