Seroprevalence of positive cases of hepatitis A, B and C infections among subjects in two riverine communities in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis infections are endemic in many countries. The serological hallmark for these infections is the presence of antibodies and antigens in the bloods of the infected persons. These serological markers give an idea on seropositivity of specific hepatitis.Methodology: This cross sectional- descriptive study was conducted in two riveriancommunities namely; Ikot Abasi, Oron and Uyo (control). Ethical approval and consents were obtained from the State Ministry of Health and volunteers. Three hundred (300) blood samples, 100 samples from each study area were collected and tested for positive cases of HAV, HBV and HCV infections using hepatitis rapid immunoassay and anti-antibodies kits (Acon Diagnostics, USA) respectively. A structured -questionnaires was used to obtained socio-demographic information from participant. Results: The prevalence of positive cases for HAV, HBV and HCV were; 14%, 10% and 6% in Ikot Abasi community, 20%, 14% and 8% from Oron while Uyo recorded 2%, 12% and 6% respectively. The prevalence of HAV infection at the riverine communities was significantly higher than the control (p < 0.05). Children ≤ 10years had higher prevalence of HAV. The prevalence of HBV and HCV at the riverine communities did not differ from the control (p < 0.05). Prevalence based on socio-demographic parameters differed (p < 0.05) in some study areas. Conclusion: Predisposing factors for the transmission of hepatitis A infection abounds in riverine communities. These factors are not responsible for transmission of hepatitis B and C. Proper hygiene, good sexual conduct, vaccination and awareness are encouraged in the study areas.