Abstract
Objective:This study was conducted to investigate different respiratory diseases in broiler and sonali birds in some selected districts of Bangladesh.Materials and Methods:We were collected a total of 460 blood samples from 46 farms with 36 broiler farms and 10 sonali farms (cross-breed) from 2015 to 2017. All the collected serum samples were tested for determining specific antibodies of avian rhinotracheitis (ART) virus, infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus, infectious bronchitis (IBV) virus, and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) infection using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.Results:The overall seropositivity was highest in ORT (45.9%), followed by IBV (37.6%), ART (2.6%), and ILT (0.4%). Out of 360 broiler samples, highest seropositivity was recorded in ORT (43.3%) and lowest in IBV (31.4%). Surprisingly, no broiler samples were found positive for ART and ILT. In case of sonali, the seropositivity was highest in IBV (60%) and lowest in ILT (2%). With respect to types of birds and age groups, the seropositive percentage of all four pathogens was found higher in sonali than broiler. Between two age groups of sonali, the seropositive percentage of ART (12%), ORT (55%), ILT (2%), and IBV (60%) was highest at 21–60 weeks of age compared to 5–20 weeks of age. However, based on location, the seropositive of ORT and IBV was highest in Jamalpur (63.3%) and Fulbariya and Trishal (50%) and lowest in Sreepur (16.7%) and Jamalpur (3.3%).Conclusion:The four pathogens are ubiquitous in nature for the sonali chickens, and the prevalence of ORT and IBV was the most prevalent viruses in the study areas. This study indicates a need for improved surveillance and characterization of ORT and ART circulating in all types of poultry in Bangladesh.
Highlights
The poultry industry is an important subsector of agriculture, has generated huge employment opportunity, increases the supply of good quality protein, ensured food security, involved in country’s economic growth and reduced poverty level in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh [1,2]
The overall seropositivity was highest in Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) (45.9%), followed by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (37.6%), avian rhinotracheitis (ART) (2.6%), and infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) (0.4%)
Overall seropositivity of four respiratory diseases according to type of birds In this study, 460 serum samples collected from broiler and sonali were tested against three viruses and one bacterium using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA)
Summary
The poultry industry is an important subsector of agriculture, has generated huge employment opportunity, increases the supply of good quality protein, ensured food security, involved in country’s economic growth and reduced poverty level in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh [1,2]. There are several constraints that hinder the development process in poultry sector; among them, disease is the major one. Various pathogens, such as bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite, etc., are responsible for causing diseases in poultry and they attack their different body systems [3]. Respiratory tract, an important part of poultry body system, frequently affected by pathogens causing respiratory diseases [4]. Several pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and environmental factors initiate the respiratory diseases of chicken.
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