Seroprevalence of infectious bronchitis virus in different types of chicken in Bangladesh

Md Giasuddin,Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan,Zahed Uddin Mahmood Khan

doi:10.3329/ajmbr.v4i1.36831

Abstract

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious viral disease of the chicken. It is possibly the most economically important viral respiratory disease of chicken after Avian Influenza and Newcastle disease. The virus also affects the female reproductive tract, causing poor quality of egg and loss of egg production. The study was conducted in four types of chicken (broiler, layer, sonali and Deshi) from 7 sub-districts under 4 districts of Bangladesh. Total 833 blood samples from 103 farms were collected and subjected to indirect ELISA test by commercially available IBV ELISA kits to detect specific antibodies against IBV. In overall 59.30% seroprevalence observed, 23.82% was found in broiler, 97.87% in layer, 71.83% in sonali and 83.46% in Deshi types of chickens. Broiler samples showed lowest seroprevalence with high CV (CV%=171.38), among them 76.18% were not seroconvert because of high maternal antibody or poor vaccine response. Layers showed highest seroprevalence with CV% 58.86 that is 18.00% chickens shows titer above 14000 which indicated field infection. Deshi chickens were not commercially vaccinated even though they had high seroprevalence rates 83.46% with mean titer 5333 and CV% 79.88, indicating that IBV is circulating as endemic diseases in the selected areas. Sonali chickens now reared as commercial chicken, have lower seroprevalence rates with mean titer 3160, CV% 128.39 indicating that these birds were not properly vaccinated as they required. To prevent the flocks from IBV, live and attenuated vaccination is required according to circulating strains.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 132-136

Highlights

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of poultry, clinically manifested by respiratory sign like tracheal rales, sneezing and coughing (Cavanagh and Naqi, 2003)
Poultry of all ages can be infected by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (Barua et al, 2006)
Epithelial cells of respiratory tract, reproductive and urinary tract is the primary target of IBV (Balasubramenia et al, 2013)

Summary

Introduction

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly contagious viral disease of poultry, clinically manifested by respiratory sign like tracheal rales, sneezing and coughing (Cavanagh and Naqi, 2003). Poultry of all ages can be infected by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) (Barua et al, 2006). The disease can often be a component of mixed infection along with other pathogen like Mycoplasma and E. coli that produces air saculitis, which may result in meat condemnation during processing (Ali et al, 2015). Some IBV strains can replicate in gastrointestinal tract that can cause up to 44% mortality (Cavanagh, 2005). In some other cases IBV infection in proventriculus may result in 75% to 100% mortality in young birds (Yu et al, 2001). There are more than 20 known serotype within IBV (Mass, Conn, Ark, Geofgia, Delware-e/072/92 and California) recognized globally (Lee and Jckwood, 2000).

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