Abstract
Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of congenital infections. It is more widespread in developing countries and communities with low socioeconomic status. The infection can cause pregnancy loss or spontaneous abortion. Tests are available for the detection of HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies. Many pregnant women in Blue Nile State, Sudan, have suffered from recurrent pregnancy loss, and currently there is no available data concerning the prevalence of HCMV in Blue Nile state. This study aimed to determine HCMV antibodies (IgG and IgM) among pregnant women, who had undergone abortion(s), attending El-Damazin Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional hospital-based study. 270 pregnant women, who had undergone abortion(s) and who attended El-Damazin Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology, were included in the study from September to December 2018. Personal and clinical data were collected directly from each participant into a predesigned questionnaire. Serum samples were separated and stored at -20˚C until used. Samples were analyzed for HCMV IgG and IgM using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Participants were categorized into three age groups: 15-25 years (33.7%; 91/270); 26-40 years (62.2%; 168/270); and >41 years (4.1%; 11/270). The majority of the participants had IgG antibodies to HCMV (74.8%; 202/270), while only 13.3% (36/270) had IgM antibodies to HCMV. Most abortion cases were documented in the first trimester (85.6%; 231/270) and this had a significant relationship with IgG level (P=0.003). Low socioeconomic status was recorded in 84.8% (229/270) of participants and showed significant correlation with IgG level (P=0.025), whereas illiteracy was reported in 41.9% (113/270) of participants and did not have a significant relationship. Conclusions: Seroprevalence of HCMV in this study population was 74.8% for IgG antibodies. There was an association between HCMV IgG level and first trimester abortion and low socioeconomic status among the studied women.
Highlights
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most ubiquitous member of the herpes virus family
Low socioeconomic status was recorded in 84.8% (229/270) of participants and showed significant correlation with IgG level (P=0.025), whereas illiteracy was reported in 41.9% (113/270) of participants and did not have a significant relationship
Many pregnant women in Blue Nile State, Sudan, have suffered from recurrent pregnancy loss, and currently there is no available data concerning the prevalence of Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in Blue Nile state; this study aimed to determine HCMV antibodies (IgG and IgM) among pregnant women, who had undergone abortion(s) in this state
Summary
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most ubiquitous member of the herpes virus family. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of congenital malformation resulting from viral intrauterine infection in developed countries. CMV infects a high percentage of individuals during their life and after recovery of disease it hides in leukocytes This virus is not considered as hazardous to health, in pregnant women it is a major factor that threatens the health of neonates. In Sudan, a study conducted in 2013 by Elamin and Omer at Khartoum Teaching Hospital reported the seroprevalence rate among pregnant women with recurrent abortion as 55.3% and 3.2% for HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of congenital infections It is more widespread in developing countries and communities with low socioeconomic status. This study aimed to determine HCMV antibodies (IgG and IgM) among pregnant women, who had undergone abortion(s), attending El-Damazin Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology. The majority of the participants had IgG antibodies to HCMV (74.8%; 202/270), while only 13.3% (36/270) had IgM antibodies
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