Seroprevalence of Hepatitis E Virus in Forestry Workers from Trentino-Alto Adige Region (Northern Italy).

Marina Monini,Gabriele Vaccari,Ilaria Di Bartolo,Claudia M Trombetta,Emanuele Montomoli,Annapaola Rizzoli,Alessandra Dominicis,Valentina Tagliapietra,Fabio Ostanello

doi:10.3390/pathogens9070568

Abstract

People with some occupational or recreational activities, such as hunters and veterinarians, may have increased risk to be infected by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). The aim of the present study was to establish whether forestry workers could be considered at a higher risk of HEV infection than a control group. One hundred and fifty sera from forestry workers and a control group of 85 sera were analysed by anti-HEV IgG antibodies detection using a commercial ELISA kit. The anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence was 14% for forestry workers and 9.4% for the control group. Comparing the risk of HEV infection in the two groups, there was no difference in the odds ratio. However, the seroprevalence in older subjects was higher in the forestry workers than in the control group. Two sera from forestry workers were also positive for anti-HEV IgM, and, in one of them, HEV-RNA was detected. Our findings showed an increase of seroprevalence with age, which is likely to reflect cumulative exposure to HEV over time. The occupation of forestry workers did not seem to be associated with a higher risk of HEV infection. The study provided new insights into the risk of acquiring HEV in occupational exposure workers with open-air activities.

Highlights

Hepatitis E is an acute viral disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), transmitted by the faecal-oral route [1]
Comparing the overall seroprevalence according to the median age, results showed that it increased with age, being higher in subjects ≥ 49 years (17/119, 14.3%; 95% confidence intervals (95%CI): 8.6–21.9) than in subjects ≤ 48 years (12/116, 10.3%; 95%CI: 5.5–17.4)
The variability may be linked to the different methods used, with a wide range of ELISA tests, which differ for the antigens used, for sensitivity and specificity [28]

Summary

Introduction

Hepatitis E is an acute viral disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), transmitted by the faecal-oral route [1]. The infection is self-limiting, but it can become chronic in immunosuppressed patients [1]. HEV is a quasi-enveloped [2], positive-stranded RNA virus coding for three open reading frames (ORF1–3). The virus is classified in the family Hepeviridae. This family has been divided into the genera—Piscihepevirus and Orthohepevirus [3]. The genus Orthohepevirus is divided into four species (A–D) [4]

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Conclusion