Seroprevalence of Enterovirus D68 Infection among Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), which belongs to enteroviruses of the small RNA family, is a type of enterovirus that can cause acute respiratory tract infection and central nervous system diseases. This study systematically analysed and summarized EV-D68 antibody studies in databases and identified the seropositivity rates of different regions, ages, and sexes. Methods: Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 16.0 software. I² and Q tests were used to analyse the heterogeneity of the included studies. Meta-regression analysis was performed for different groups, and Egger’s linear regression analysis was used to evaluate publication bias. Results: The results of multiple studies indicated that the serological prevalence range of EV-D68 antibody was 17.78–96.69%. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the seropositivity rate of EV-D68 antibody was 76% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 67–84%), among which that of the Chinese population was 74% (95% CI: 61–86%) and that of other countries was 79% (95% CI: 65–91%). At the same time, a subgroup analysis was conducted. The seroprevalence of EV-D68 antibody was related to age but not sex or region. Conclusion: The seropositivity rate was lower in the below 5-year age group; however, it gradually increased with age. The results of this study showed that EV-D68 infection was widespread in the population, and the current clinical infection situation could not reflect the actual epidemic situation of the virus, among which children under 5 years old were vulnerable to infection, which should be given greater attention for epidemic prevention and control.