Seroprevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the Thrace region of Turkey

Abstract

We aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of celiac disease, a gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and autoimmune thyroiditis in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the Thrace region of Turkey. The population studied consisted of 33 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 41 healthy children with demographic features similar to the study subjects. Free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody, anti-thyroglobulin antibody, IgA, anti-endomysium IgA, and anti-gliadin IgA were measured in all cases and controls. The serum levels of free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine were within the normal range in all cases. However, in one patient who had anti-thyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies, the thyroid-stimulating hormone level was high despite a normal free triiodothyronine and free thyroxine value. Ultrasonographic findings confirmed thyroiditis in this patient. Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies, anti-thyroglobulin antibodies, anti-endomysium IgA and anti-gliadin IgA were detected in 15.4%, 6%, 9.1% and 3% of the diabetic cases, respectively. None of these antibodies was detected in the control group. In the diabetic group, the seroprevalences of the antithyroid peroxidase antibodies and the anti-endomysium IgA were statistically higher than in the control group (p<0.05). Children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in our region should undergo periodic screenings for autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac disease.