Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus among blood donors in district Charsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

Muhammad Israr

doi:10.19045/bspab.2017.60070

Abstract

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a serious worldwide public health issue both in underdeveloped and developed countries. About two billion individuals were infected by HBV globally, of which 400 million were chronic HBV carrier. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the seroprevalence and some possible risk factors of hepatitis B virus infection among male blood donors in district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. A total of 460 male blood donors with age range 15-55 years were screened for HBsAg by Immunochromatographic technique (ICT) and 3rd generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Out of 460 samples, 11(2.39%) were found positive for HBsAg by ICT, and 13(2.82%) were HBsAg positive by ELISA. The mean seroprevalence of HBV from both ICT and ELISA was 2.60%. The highest seroprevalence (46.15%) was observed among the donor groups with age range of 21-30 years followed by (30.76%) among 15-20 years, (15.38%) among 31-40 years and the lowest seroprevalence (7.69%) among 41-55 years. Blood transfusion (30.76%) was the most apparent influencing risk factor for HBV followed by dental treatment (23.07%), Sexual partner positive for HBV infection (15.38%), surgery and shave by the barbers (7.69%) for each and unknown reason (15.38%). Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; ELISA; ICT; Risk factors; Blood donors http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2017.60070

Highlights

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a minute, About 2 billion individuals are infected with enclosed DNA virus identified in 1947 and HBV globally, of which 400 million were was placed in family Hepadnaviridae and chronic HBV carrier [4,5,6]
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the seroprevalence of HBV infection and its possible risk factors associated with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity through Immunochromatographic technique (ICT) and 3rd generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) among healthy blood donors of district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
The seroprevalence of HBV in our study was (2.60%) which was quite similar to the prevalence of HBV among blood donors in Peshawar (2.68%) [21] and Bahawalpur (2.69%) [22].While it was lower than the prevalence reported from some other regions of the country including (6.2%) in Interior Sindh [22], (5.86%) in Rawalpindi [23] and (5.81%) in Thatta [24].Where it was higher when compared with data reported from some other cities of the country including Lahore (1.52%) [25] and Abbottabad (1.55%) [26]

Summary

Introduction

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a minute, About 2 billion individuals are infected with enclosed DNA virus identified in 1947 and HBV globally, of which 400 million were was placed in family Hepadnaviridae and chronic HBV carrier [4,5,6]. The percentage of HBsAg positive blood donors and risk factors associated with HBsAg positive situation among the healthy individuals may reflect the extent of HBV infection in the general population. Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by ELISA All the positive and negative samples on ICT were further screened on third generation ELISA (EASE BN-96 TMB, Taiwan) according to maker’s instructions. After addition of stop solution, the blue color in positive control well and HBsAg positive wells changed to yellow color; Negative samples have clear water like appearance before and after addition of stop solution. Results A total of 460 male blood donors with age range 15-55 years were tested for HBsAg by Immunochromatographic technique (ICT) and 3rd generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood transfusion (30.76%) was the most apparent influencing risk factor for HBV followed by dental treatment (23.07%), Sexual partner positive for HBV infection (15.38%), surgery and shave by the barbers (7.69%) for each and unknown reason (15.38%) (Figure 2)

Objectives

Findings

Conclusion