Abstract
Aim:The research was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factor associated with respiratory viral pathogens in dual-purpose cattle of Aguachica, Rio de Oro and La Gloria municipalities in Cesar department, Colombia.Materials and Methods:The seroprevalence study was done from the random sampling (n=1000) of blood collected from 29 dual-purpose herds, located in three municipalities (Aguachica, Rio de Oro, and La Gloria) of Cesar department. The presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI-3V) in the samples was detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Epidemiological data were obtained using a questionnaire administered to the owner or manager of each herd.Results:The overall highest seroprevalence was observed for BHV-1 (94.7%), followed by BRSV (98.6%), BVDV (35.2%), and BPI-3V (47.1%). Regarding the seroprevalence by municipalities, there was a statistical association (p<0.05) for BVDV; however, for BRSV, BHV-1, and BPI-3V, no statistical association was found (p>0.05) between seropositive values and the municipalities, indicating that animal was seropositive in similar proportions in the three municipalities. Female sex and older animals (>24 months) were a significant risk factor for BHV-1 and BPI-3V infection. Regarding the clinical signs, there was a statistical association (p<0.05) between the seropositive values of BVDV and most of clinical signs observed, except for abortion.Conclusion:This research confirms the high seroprevalence of the respiratory viral pathogens in nonvaccinated cattle within the study areas. Therefore, appropriate sanitary management practices and routine vaccination programs should be adopted to reduce the seroprevalence of these infectious agents.
Highlights
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a major cause of economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide
The overall highest seroprevalence was observed for bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) (94.7%), followed by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) (98.6%), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) (35.2%), and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (BPI-3V) (47.1%)
Regarding the seroprevalence by municipalities, there was a statistical association (p0.05) between seropositive values and the municipalities, indicating that animal was seropositive in similar proportions in the three municipalities
Summary
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a major cause of economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. Infection, since reinfections are common in the herds It is highly prevalent in cattle, with a significant economic impact as the most important viral cause of BRDC worldwide [3]. Diarrhea, reduced production, and highly morbid disease but cause low mortality of infected animals [6]. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is an important infectious disease of domestic and wild cattle caused by BHV-1. This virus is a member of genus Varicellovirus, which belongs to the Herpesviridae family. Betancur et al [8] found a statistical association between seropositive animals for BHV-1 with respect sex and age in Colombia, while Ochoa et al [9] reported
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