Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Leptospira interrogans Serogroup Sejroe Serovar Hardjo in Dairy Farms in and around Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia.

Garoma Desa,Yosef Deneke,Tadele Tolosa,Feyissa Begna,Francesca Mancianti

doi:10.1155/2021/6061685

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was conducted on selected dairy farms in and around Jimma town, Oromia, southwestern Ethiopia from November 2019 to May 2020 to determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo (L. hardjo). Furthermore, information was gathered on individual animal and herd level by using pretested semistructured questionnaire to assess associated risk factors. A stratified and simple random sampling procedure was used for the selection of dairy farms and individual animal's, respectively. Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) was used in this study to detect antibody against L. hardjo. Out of 384 animal's sera, 94 animals were seropositive against L. hardjo antibodies. From 77 dairy farms selected for the study, 57 of them were distinguished as positive for L. hardjo. The overall seroprevalence of leptospirosis caused by L. hardjo was 24.48% (95% CI: 20.18%–28.78%) and 74.03% (95% CI: 64.23%–83.82%) at individual animal and farm level, respectively. The result of multilogistic regression analysis revealed that management system (p < 0.05; OR = 4.25 (95% CI: 2.31–7.82)), hygienic status of the farm (p < 0.05; OR = 0.35 (95% CI: 0.20–0.61)), age of animals (p < 0.05; OR = 8.30 (95% CI: 1.87–36.89)), history of abortion (p < 0.05; OR = 8.37 (95% CI: 1.73–40.42)), herd size (p < 0.05; OR = 2.32 (95% CI: 1.17–4.61)), and access of rodents to the farm (p < 0.05; OR = 0.17 (95% CI: 0.03–0.86)) were significantly associated with the occurrence of L. hardjo infection. However, breed, parity, and introduction of new animals to the farm were insignificantly associated (p > 0.05). Management system of the animal, hygienic status of the farm, herd size, age of animals, previous history of abortion, and access of rodents to the farm were identified as potential risk factors of L. hardjo disease occurrence. Thus, limiting rodents contact with cattle and their feed and water as well as good sanitary practices and husbandry management should be undertaken.

Highlights

Leptospirosis is a widespread disease of animals and a zoonosis of worldwide distribution [1]. e disease has worldwide distribution due to the large spectrum of mammalian hosts that harbor and excrete the agent from their renal tubules [2]. e central point on the epidemiology of leptospirosis is the state of the renal carrier, the animal that has its renal tubules colonized by leptospirae, which in turn are excreted in the urine contaminating the environment [3]
77 farm owners were interviewed for associated risk factors. e following data was collected on individual animal attributes: breed, age, parity, herd size, hygienic status of the farm house and management system
An overall seroprevalence of 24.48% and 74.03% Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo was observed at individual animal and herd level respectively in present study area

Summary

Introduction

Leptospirosis is a widespread disease of animals and a zoonosis of worldwide distribution [1]. e disease has worldwide distribution due to the large spectrum of mammalian hosts that harbor and excrete the agent from their renal tubules [2]. e central point on the epidemiology of leptospirosis is the state of the renal carrier, the animal that has its renal tubules colonized by leptospirae, which in turn are excreted in the urine contaminating the environment [3]. Leptospirosis is a widespread disease of animals and a zoonosis of worldwide distribution [1]. E central point on the epidemiology of leptospirosis is the state of the renal carrier, the animal that has its renal tubules colonized by leptospirae, which in turn are excreted in the urine contaminating the environment [3]. ELISA is one of the most widely used bioanalytical methods, where an antigen-antibody reaction occurs and the analyte of interest is detected by an enzyme reporter system [9]. It is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity compared to the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), the gold standard technique. 0.77 (0.22–2.68) Ref p value p value (Chi2) Ref 1.97 (0.69–5.60)

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Conclusion