Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals and one of the endemic diseases in Ethiopia. The study was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and to assess associated risk factors of foot and mouth disease seroprevalence in West Shewa Zone. A total of 384 sera samples were collected from randomly selected cattle and tested using ELISA for antibodies against nonstructural proteins of foot and mouth disease viruses based on IDEXX FMD Multispecies Ab Test (IDEXX Laboratories Inc, USA). The seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease in West Shewa Zone was found to be 40.4% (95% CI: 35.46–45.27) at an animal and 74.7% (95% CI: 65.58–83.85) at the herd level. Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that districts, breed, and animal composition were the potential risk factors of FMD seropositivity. Accordingly, cattle found in Abuna Ginde Beret (odds ratio (OR): 9.1, 95% CI: 2.4–34.1, p=0.001), Cheliya (OR: 8.8, 95% CI: 2.5–31.3, p=0.001), Bako Tibe (OR: 7.6, 95% CI: 2.1–28.3, p=0.002), Tokekutaye (OR: 5.8, 95% CI: 1.7–19.5, p=0.004), and Jeldu (OR: 5.3, 95% CI: 1.3–21.5, p=0.020) districts were more at risk to be infected with FMD than cattle from Ambo. The odds of FMD seropositivity was significantly higher in cattle kept with small ruminants (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.3–3.3, p=0.003) than cattle alone. The analysis also revealed that the odds of seropositivity were 6 times higher in crossbred compared with local cattle (p=0.003). The current study found high seroprevalence of FMD in West Shewa Zone. Therefore, cattle should be vaccinated regularly after the identification of specific FMD serotypes circulating in the study area.
Highlights
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a severe highly contagious viral disease caused by an Aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae
A total of 384 cattle of 87 herds were examined for the presence of antibodies against nonstructural proteins (NSP) of FMD virus in their blood sample using IDEXX FMD Multispecies Ab Test
Out of the total sera collected, the seroprevalence of FMD recorded at an animal and herd level was 40.4% and 74.7%, respectively
Summary
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a severe highly contagious viral disease caused by an Aphthovirus of the family Picornaviridae. FMD virus has seven serotypes: A, O, C, Asia 1, SAT (Southern African Territories) 1, 2, and 3 [1]. Serotypes reported in Ethiopia are O, A, C, SAT1, and SAT2 [2]. E disease is characterized by fever, loss of appetite, salivation, and vesicular eruptions in the mouth, on the feet, and teats [1]. FMD primarily affects cloven-hoofed animals including cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, and experimental infections in alpacas and llamas [4]. FMD was once distributed worldwide but has been eradicated in some regions, including North America and Western Europe [6]. E occurrence of the disease leads to loss of production, restriction of exports, and other socio-economic problems in the area. FMD currently is widely prevalent and distributed in all areas of Ethiopia, the level of the disease prevalence E occurrence of the disease leads to loss of production, restriction of exports, and other socio-economic problems in the area. e direct impact of FMD includes meat and milk production losses, loss of drought power, lower weight gains, fertility problems, changes in herd structure, delay sale of cattle and products, and death of cattle, while the indirect impacts include additional cost of treatment, vaccination, vaccine delivery, movement control, diagnostic tests, culled cattle, and denied access to both local and international markets [7].
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