Abstract
Newcastle disease is an OIE-listed and highly contagious viral avian disease inflicting great economic losses and constituting a serious threat to poultry farms all over the world. The paper provides monitoring research results for Newcastle disease among poultry and wild birds in the Russian Federation for 2017. The tests were carried out with diagnostic kits for Newcastle disease virus antibody detection by immunosorbent assay and HI at the FGBI “ARRIAH” Reference Laboratory for Viral Avian Diseases (Vladimir). Biological material delivered from Rosselkhoznadzor Territorial Administrations was collected from 31 678 domestic and 433 wild and synanthropic birds from 22 and 4 regions of the Russian Federation, respectively. The paper shows different levels of seroprevalence in poultry from industrial poultry establishments of a closed type and backyards and in wild birds of various regions of the Russian Federation. Almost total Newcastle disease seroprevalence was found in adult poultry from industrial closed establishments due to a total vaccination against the disease. Broilers demonstrated a relatively low average Newcastle disease virus seroprevalence because of an insufficient antibody level by the moment of blood sampling (mostly during slaughter). On average, antibodies to Newcastle disease virus were detected in one third of samples from backyard poultry. With that, high seroprevalence was registered on farms of North Caucasian Republics and southern regions of the Russian Federation. Seroprevalence in wild birds was moderate. Thus, the monitoring research indicates an unstable epidemiological situation for Newcastle disease in the Russian Federation and the remaining risk of disease outbreak on industrial and backyard farms.
Highlights
Многие виды диких и синантропных птиц являются природными резервуарами и переносчиками возбудителя Ньюкаслская болезнь (НБ)
J. Immune responses of poultry to Newcastle disease virus // Dev. Comp
Summary
НЬЮКАСЛСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ В РОССИИ ЗА 2017 Г. В работе представлены результаты мониторинговых исследований по ньюкаслской болезни среди домашних и диких птиц в Российской Федерации за 2017 г. Показана различная степень серопревалентности у домашних птиц из промышленных птицеводческих предприятий закрытого типа, индивидуального сектора и диких птиц различных регионов Российской Федерации. Почти абсолютная серопревалентность по ньюкаслской болезни установлена в промышленных хозяйствах закрытого типа у взрослой птицы, что связано с поголовной вакцинацией против данного заболевания. У цыплятбройлеров отмечали относительно невысокую среднюю серопревалентность к вирусу ньюкаслской болезни вследствие недостаточно высокого уровня пост вакцинальных антител к моменту отбора проб крови (главным образом в момент убоя). В среднем в одной третьей части проб от кур из личных подсобных хозяйств обнаружены антитела к вирусу ньюкаслской болезни, при этом высокую серопревалентность по ньюкаслской болезни отмечали в хозяйствах республик Северного Кавказа и южных регионов РФ.
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