Abstract
BackgroundRift Valley Fever Phlebovirus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV) specific antibodies had been documented among humans in urban settings of the southwestern and northern Cameroon in the late 1980s. Recently, evidence for enzootic circulation of RVFV was reported among livestock in both rural and urban settings in Cameroon. However, current estimates of human exposure to RVFV and CCHFV are still to be documented in Cameroon, especially in rural areas. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of RVFV and CCHFV in rural settings in the Southeastern rain forest of Cameroon.ResultsUsing Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays, the presence of RVFV and CCHFV Immunoglobulin G antibodies was investigated in plasma samples originating from 137 Pygmies from four villages of the East region of Cameroon. The studied population was found to be 12.4% (17/137) and 4.4% (6/137) seropositive for RVFV and CCHFV, respectively. The rates of RVFV IgG were comparable between the age groups and sex. Conversely, the rate of CCHFV IgG was significantly higher among the 41–60 years old participants (p = 0.02).ConclusionsThis study provides a substantial evidence of the circulation of RVFV and CCHFV among rural inhabitants of the East region of Cameroon.
Highlights
Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV) specific antibodies had been documented among humans in urban settings of the southwestern and northern Cameroon in the late 1980s
Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the rate of anti-RVFV and anti-CCHFV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies among the Pygmy group living in four distinct villages in the East region of Cameroon including Abong Mbang, Lomié, Messok and Mindourou (Fig. 1)
The mean net Optical Density (OD) was calculated for the quadruplicates of the high positive control serum [(OD1 + OD2 + OD3 + OD4)/4] and the reactivity of each serum specimen was calculated as percentage positivity (PP) of the high positive control serum (PP serum = 100*net OD serum/mean net OD of the high positive control)
Summary
Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV) specific antibodies had been documented among humans in urban settings of the southwestern and northern Cameroon in the late 1980s. Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV), a member of the genus Orthonairovirus in the family Nairoviridae, is characterized by tick-borne maintenance and transmission in an enzootic cycle involving ticks and mammals in endemic foci that are worldwide distributed. These foci include a wide geographic range in Western and Central Asia, the Middle East, South-Eastern Europe, and Africa. There is no Sadeuh-Mba et al Virology Journal (2018) 15:63 apparent disease manifestation occurring in animals Both wild and domestic animals act as reservoirs for continued tick re-infection; ensuring major links in the disease transmission cycle
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