Serological evidence for eight globally important poultry viruses in Trinidad & Tobago

Abstract

Viruses affecting poultry cause significant levels of disease leading to severe economic losses among poultry farmers worldwide. The Americas region continues to be vulnerable to the spread of poultry viruses across the continents and Caribbean island chains. In Trinidad and Tobago (T&T) there is limited information on the viruses circulating in poultry. Many flock are vulnerable to infection and there are occasional outbreaks of disease resulting in high levels of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to identify important viruses of poultry circulating in T&T through a broad-based surveillance approach. Serum samples from 29 layer farms in Trinidad and 14 layer farms in Tobago were collected from the eldest laying hens. Samples were tested from unvaccinated birds for antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against Avian influenza virus (AIV), Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), Avian pneumovirus (APV), Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), Fowl adenovirus Gp1 (FADV) and Egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV). In Trinidad, the estimated true seroprevalence levels of antibodies were 0% (CI 95%: 0–0%) for AIV, 100% (CI 95%: 97–100%) for IBV, 79.8% (CI 95%: 70.6–86.9%) for NDV, 1% (CI 95%: 0–2.6%) for ILTV, 67.55% (CI 95%: 62.3–72.4%) for APV, 94.93% (CI 95%: 88.0–98.6%) for IBDV, 100% (CI 95%: 99.7–100%) for FADV and 67.8% (CI 95%: 62.4–72.8%) for EDSV. In Tobago, seroprevalence levels were 0% (CI 95%: 0–0%) for AIV, 100% (CI 95%: 95.6–100%) for IBV, 80.5% (CI 95%: 70.1–88.5%) for NDV, 29.9% (CI 95%: 20.8–40.6%) for ILTV, 100% (CI 95%: 97.7–100%) for APV, 97.1% (CI95%: 89.9–100%) for IBDV, 100% (CI 95%: 97.5–100%) for FADV and 100% (CI 95%: 99–100%) for EDSV. The results reveal strong evidence for the circulation of IBV, NDV, APV, IBDV, FADV and EDSV in layer poultry on both islands, as well as ILTV in Tobago.