Abstract
Introduction. The Nisava District has had low prevalence and incidence rates of trichinellosis for a long period. The aims of this study were to present the frequency of occurrence of trichinellosis in Nisava District and other districts in Southern and Eastern Serbia during 2007-2018, to investigate the demographic characteristics in the region and to compare the tests used for serological diagnosis of trichinellosis. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective epidemiological study in which we analyzed the results of serological analyses of 139 serum samples taken from individual patients suspected to be infected with Trichinella spp. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and immunoenzyme (ELISA) methods were used for serological diagnosis of trichinellosis. Results and Conclusions. Of 139 examined sera, 36 (25.9%) were seropositive. Most seropositive findings were encountered in 2012 and 2014 (in both these years, 12 sera were positive, i.e. 33.3% of the total 36 positive sera), when three minor outbreaks of trichinellosis were reported. Seropositivity was equally distributed according to patient sex and according to the district where they reported with illness. Positive serological findings were statistically significantly more common in hospitalized patients than in out-patients. Comparison of the findings with both IIF and ELISA test established the performance level of the tests, with the ELISA test being less sensitive than the IIF test. Immunodiagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of trichinellosis must be improved in view of the sporadic cases and minor outbreaks of the disease in the studied districts of Eastern and Southeastern Serbia.
Highlights
The Nišava District has had low prevalence and incidence rates of trichinellosis for a long period
Comparison of the findings with both Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and ELISA test established the performance level of the tests, with the ELISA test being less sensitive than the IIF test
The aim of this study was to present the incidence of trichinellosis in Nišava District and other regions in the Southern and Eastern Serbia, based on seropositive findings of anti-Trichinella antibodies, to investigate the demographic characteristics of patients and to compare the tests used for serological diagnosis of human trichinellosis
Summary
The Nišava District has had low prevalence and incidence rates of trichinellosis for a long period. In many parts of the world, trichinellosis is an endemic disease and a major public health problem (Maizels et al, 2012). It ranks seventh among the ten food-borne parasites and endangers the health of a million people worldwide (FAO/WHO, 2019). In Eastern European countries, trichinellosis is one of the most important food-borne diseases. Nišava District is not a region with any significant prevalence of trichinellosis. A study of seroincidence of trichinellosis in the period from 1988 to 2004 reported low incidence and prevalence rates of antiTrichinella seropositivity (Mišić et al, 2006)
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