Serological detection and analysis of anti-VP1 responses against various enteroviruses (EV) (EV-A, EV-B and EV-C) in Chinese individuals.

Caixia Gao,Ziyu Lin,Bing Rui,Wei Pan,Jinhong Wang,Xiangyu Li,Mingmei Cao,Chunyan Zhao,Yingying Ding,Peng Zhou,Baohua Qian,Lili Wang,Jiaojiao Feng,Heng Peng

doi:10.1038/srep21979

Caixia Gao, Ziyu Lin + Show 12 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21979

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Abstract

The overall serological prevalence of EV infections based on ELISA remains unknown. In the present study, the antibody responses against VP1 of the EV-A species (enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), Coxsackievirus A5 (CA5) and Coxsackievirus A6 (CA6)), of the EV-B species (Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3)), and of the EV-C species (Poliovirus 1 (PV1)) were detected and analyzed by a NEIBM (novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule)-based ELISA in Shanghai blood donors. The serological prevalence of anti-CB3 VP1 antibodies was demonstrated to show the highest level, with anti-PV1 VP1 antibodies at the second highest level, and anti-CA5, CA6, CA16 and EV71 VP1 antibodies at a comparatively low level. All reactions were significantly correlated at different levels, which were approximately proportional to their sequence similarities. Antibody responses against EV71 VP1 showed obvious differences with responses against other EV-A viruses. Obvious differences in antibody responses between August 2013 and May 2014 were revealed. These findings are the first to describe the detailed information of the serological prevalence of human antibody responses against the VP1 of EV-A, B and C viruses, and could be helpful for understanding of the ubiquity of EV infections and for identifying an effective approach for seroepidemiological surveillance based on ELISA.

Highlights

The overall serological prevalence of EV infections based on ELISA remains unknown
The combined detection and analysis of the anti-VP1 proteins of various enteroviruses by a novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule (NEIBM)-based ELISA and a competitive ELISA clearly demonstrated that the prevalence of anti-CB3 antibodies from EV-B were at the highest level, followed by anti-PV1 antibodies from EV-C at the second highest level, anti- EV71, CA16, CA5 and CA6 antibodies from EV-A at a comparatively low level, and anti-HAV antibodies at the lowest level (Figs 2 and 4)
The highest level of sample reactivity against CB3 VP1 indicated the strongest antibody response against CB3, which could be comprised of both specific antibodies elicited by a CB3 infection and cross-reactive antibodies elicited by infections with other enteroviruses

Summary

Introduction

The overall serological prevalence of EV infections based on ELISA remains unknown. In the present study, the antibody responses against VP1 of the EV-A species (enterovirus 71 (EV71), Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), Coxsackievirus A5 (CA5) and Coxsackievirus A6 (CA6)), of the EV-B species (Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3)), and of the EV-C species (Poliovirus 1 (PV1)) were detected and analyzed by a NEIBM (novel evolved immunoglobulin-binding molecule)-based ELISA in Shanghai blood donors. Through the use of a NEIBM-based ELISA, demonstrated that the non-neutralizing antibody responses against EV71 were predominantly in response to VP129 In this present study, the VP1 proteins of the major etiological agents for HFMD in EV-A (EV71, CA16, CA5 and CA6) and in EV-B (CB3) and for poliomyelitis in EV-C (PV1) were prepared and used to detect and analyze the anti-VP1 antibody responses by a NEIBM-based ELISA and a competitive ELISA in Shanghai blood donors in August 2013 and May 2014. Different and related antibody responses against VP1 from EV-A, B and C were revealed, which demonstrated different levels of serological prevalence among the various EV types and species

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Conclusion