Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated for the first time in Italy, the serological cross-reactivity between Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2) and Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Five months after arriving at a performance test station in Central Italy, a 6-month-old calf, which was part of a group of 57 animals, tested positive for BoHV-1 in a commercial gB-ELISA test. It was immediately transferred to the quarantine unit and subjected to clinical observation and serological and virological investigations. During this period, the calf showed no clinical signs. The results from laboratory investigations demonstrated the presence of antibodies via competitive glycoprotein B (gB) ELISAs, indirect BoHV-1 ELISAs, and indirect BoHV-2 ELISAs. Furthermore, the plaque reduction assay provided evidence for the presence of antibodies only for BoHV-2, whereas the virus neutralization test showed negative results for both BoHV-1 and BoHV-5. These findings strongly suggest the occurrence of a serological cross-reactivity between BoHV-2 and BoHV-1. Interference of BoHV-2 antibodies in serological BoHV-1 diagnostics should be considered during routine IBR tests, especially when animals are kept in a performance test station.
Highlights
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2) is a member of the family Herpesviridae and belongs to the genus Simplexvirus [1]
We report, for the first time, the occurrence of serological cross-reactivity between BoHV-2 and Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) in a calf detained at a performance test station located in Central Italy
In order to assess any serological cross-reactivity with other herpesviruses, the serum samples were tested for antibodies against the following aetiological agents: (i) Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2), (ii) Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), (iii) Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1), and (iv) Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5)
Summary
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2) is a member of the family Herpesviridae and belongs to the genus Simplexvirus [1]. We report, for the first time, the occurrence of serological cross-reactivity between BoHV-2 and BoHV-1 in a calf detained at a performance test station located in Central Italy. Serum and blood samples were taken from all the animals, on a monthly basis, for serological and virological investigations of BoHV-1. Nasal swabs and EDTA blood samples were collected for virus isolation and real-time PCR, respectively, following the procedures described in the OIE Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals [10]. In order to assess any serological cross-reactivity with other herpesviruses, the serum samples were tested for antibodies against the following aetiological agents: (i) Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2), (ii) Bovine gammaherpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4), (iii) Bubaline alphaherpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1), and (iv) Bovine alphaherpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5). The BoHV-2 genome was detected using a protocol described by De Giuli et al [12]
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